Immunotoxic Effects of 2-Bromopropane in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats: A 28-Day Exposure Study

Abstract

Immunotoxic effects of 2-bromopropane were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were treated orally daily with 2-bromopropane at 100, 330, or 1000 mg/kg for 28 consecutive days. Four days before necropsy, the rats were immunized intravenously with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). The body and thymus weights were significantly reduced by treatment with 2-bromopropane at the highest dose. In addition, the numbers of splenic and thymic cells were decreased by 2-bromopropane. In hematology, the numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets were significantly reduced. Among the serum clinical parameters, the levels of chloride ion were significantly increased by 2-bromopropane. The antibody response to SRBCs was significantly suppressed at the highest dose. With immunized animals, immunophenotyping of splenic and thymic cells was performed to investigate the changes of the number of macrophages, B cells, and T cells in spleen and the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in thymus. The numbers of most cell types were significantly decreased in the spleen when animals were treated with 2-bromopropane at 1,000 mg/kg. Likewise, all cell types of thymus were significantly decreased by 2-bromopropane. The present results suggest that 2-bromopropane may have an immunotoxic potential in male Sprague-Dawley rats when the rats are exposed for 28 d.

Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene, 2-Bromopropane, Phenol and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin on Proinflammatory Cytokines Gene Expression by Mice Spleen Cells

“…Although sever al studies showed t hat phenol and 2-BP have a t oxic potent ial on t he immune syst em because t he number of whit e blood cells was significant ly decr eased when rats or wor ker s wer e exposed [25][26][27], litt le is known about the effects of phenol and 2-BP on cytokines product ion by mouse spleen cells. Here, we demonstr at e t hat phenol downregulates IL-1, IL-6 and TNF gene expression, and t hat 2-BP suppr esses TNF gene expr ession.…”

Neuro-reproductive toxicities of 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane

“…Both processes were quantified subsequently in another study . Jeong et al (2002) found an overall decrease in immunological cells in the spleen and thymus as well as peripheral circulating blood cells after immunization with sheep blood cells, which was performed 4 days prior to killing, after a 28-day oral administration with 2-bromopropane at 100, 300 or 1,000 mg/kg/day. Although thymocytes seemed to be more sensitive (significant decrease, ‡330 mg/kg) to 2-bromopropane than splenocytes (1,000 mg/kg), the immunological suppression may be considered as a part of the overall reduction of bone marrow cells, which was observed in the initial studies (Ichihara et al 1996Nakajima et al 1997).…”