Role of Maternal Education and Vaccination Coverage: Evidence From Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the impact of maternal education on child immunization uptake in Pakistan, both at individual and community levels. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey data were used for analysis. Multilevel logistic regression was used to access the individual- and community-level factors associated with childhood immunization coverage. Out of 6765 children 2659 (39.3%) were fully immunized. Parents education, access to media, and wealth status have positive while ethnicity and working status of mother have a negative impact on the immunization uptake. In the community with a high percentage of educated mothers, the odds of immunized children were high (odds ratio = 1.43, 95% confidence interval = 1.14-1.80) as compared with communities with lower percentage of educated mothers. Moreover, significant variation was found in the likelihood of full immunization across communities. Both community- and individual-level factors have substantial impact on children immunization status. There is a need of improvement in maternal education, poverty alleviation, and removal of rural-urban disparities.

Decomposing socio‐economic inequality in vaccination coverage among Pakistani children: A population‐based cross‐sectional study

“…Maternal education is the most important determinant affecting the vaccination inequality followed by wealth status and father's educational level. A recently published study on the matter also showed positive impact on child vaccination coverage both at individual and community level (Asif, Akbar, Tahir, et al, 2019). Moreover, our findings are also consistent with a recently published literature on the issue (Acharya, Paudel, & Dharel, 2019;Asif & Akbar, 2020).…”

Health Care–Seeking Behavior of Children With Acute Respiratory Infections Symptoms: Analysis of the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys

“…The role of household wealth status has been reported in various studies. 15-19 In this study, children from high household wealth index status were more likely to seek medical care help than children from low household wealth index status. Although the national health insurance system in Indonesia has been implemented in the past 5 years; financial readiness of the community still affects utilization of health care services.…”

Limitations of immunization registers at community health centers for measuring immunization coverage: a case study of the Japanese encephalitis mass immunization program in Bali Province, Indonesia

“…In districts where the validation process was successfully conducted, respondents and children tended to be more educated, work in an office (as opposed to working in a bluecollar job), and have a higher quantity of children aged 9 to 59 months. Several studies have found that the level of education of a mother or carer is an independent factor for higher immunization coverage [35][36][37][38], while a carer working and having more children could decrease coverage [35,36]. In addition, these districts were mainly urban, where the overall uptake of vaccinations tends to be lower than in rural areas [35,39].…”

“…Several studies have found that the level of education of a mother or carer is an independent factor for higher immunization coverage [35][36][37][38], while a carer working and having more children could decrease coverage [35,36]. In addition, these districts were mainly urban, where the overall uptake of vaccinations tends to be lower than in rural areas [35,39]. To some extent, those factors may indirectly influence the accuracy of an immunization reporting system due to, for example, failure to report immunizations or losing immunization cards [31,37].…”