Role of lysosomal enzymes released by alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of the acute phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Pérez-Arellano, José-Luis; Barrios, M. N.; Martin, Thomas R.; Sanchez, Melinda; Buitrago, José Manuel González de; Jiménez, Antonio J.

doi:10.1155/s0962935195000081

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Third, we measured the ‘lung index’, a magnitude that reflects the existence of lung inflammatory phenomena. This index was initially described in the murine model for pneumonia induced by hypersensitivity reactions (16), and later validated by other authors for other related diseases (29,30). Fourth, we calculated the total number of cells present in the BALF and evaluated the percentage of inflammatory cells in lung sections, as the passage of the parasite causes local infiltration of this group of cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases lung injury induced by Toxocara canis in experimentally infected rats

Espinoza

Pérez-Arellano

Carranza

et al. 2002

Parasite Immunology

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The direct effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the viability of Toxocara canis larvae was studied. We observed that the nitric oxide donors, SIN-1 and SNOG, exert no cytotoxic effect on the in vitro viability of T. canis larvae. In addition, we developed a model in rats to elucidate the role of NO during T. canis infection. We evaluated different indicators in four experimental groups: morphological parameters, the total number cells and cell types recovered, nitrite and protein concentration, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzymatic activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung index and detection of anti-T. canis specific antibodies. We observed significant differences between non-infected and infected groups. The infected animals treated with the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine were less damaged than infected, non-treated animals. Our results suggest that the in vivo inhibition of the synthesis of NO triggered by iNOS diminishes the deleterious effects of the parasite upon the host, especially the vascular alterations in the lungs. We could show that in vivo production of NO induced by infection with T. canis results in direct host damage. Thus, this induction may constitute an evasion/adaptation mechanism of the parasite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases lung injury induced by Toxocara canis in experimentally infected rats

Espinoza

Pérez-Arellano

Carranza

et al. 2002

Parasite Immunology

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“…Many studies in animals report the relationship between LDH and pulmonary disorders [ 13,17,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] . Only a few studies on humans have been carried out to investigate the relation between LDH an pulmonary disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENZYMATIC MARKERS OF PULMONARY CELL DAMAGE AND CELLULAR PROFILE: A Study in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Cobben

1999

Experimental Lung Research

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It has been suggested that alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reflect pathologic changes in the lung. Cytoplasmatic enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and LDH isoenzymes are recognized indicators of cell damage or death. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relation between the enzyme activity and the cell types present in BALF. Therefore, BALF samples obtained from patients with various pulmonary disorders were studied. Out of these samples a group with mainly polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs; n = 15; Group I) and another with mainly alveolar macrophages (AMs; n = 10; Group II) were selected. Additionally, the value of analysis of lysed cells in BALF for assessment of LDH-isoenzyme patterns was examined. The cell-free fraction of BALF of Group II showed lower LDH and ALP activity compared to Group I. The LDH-isoenzyme pattern also differed, with the LDH3/LDH5 ratios being lower in all BALF samples with predominantly PMNs than in BALF samples with predominantly AMs. Lysis of the cells present in the BALF samples by sonication prior to LDH-isoenzyme analysis provided no additional information beyond that found by analysis of the cell-free BALF. In conclusion, determination of enzyme activity appears to be useful in monitoring pulmonary inflammation.

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Hydrolytic enzyme of the alveolar macrophage in diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease

Pérez-Arellano¹,

Barrios²,

Martin³

et al. 1996

Respiratory Medicine

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Hydrolytic enzymes [acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-D-N-acetyl glucosaminidase (beta-D-NAGA), lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)] are the major constituents of alveolar macrophages (AM). These enzymes play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung diseases. Cell-associated activity of several enzymes in alveolar macrophages obtained from control subjects (n = 5) and patients suffering five representative types of interstitial pulmonary diseases [sarcoidosis (n = 10), extrinsic allergic alveolitis (n = 5), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n = 5), neoplastic infiltration of the lung (n = 5) and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (n = 5)] were evaluated. Cells were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. Enzymatic activity was assessed by standardized tests. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocyte counts were significantly elevated in the patients with active sarcoidosis (median: 57%), allergic extrinsic alveolitis (median: 51%) and neoplastic infiltration (median: 31%) as compared with the other groups, whereas BAL neutrophil and eosinophil counts were significantly elevated in the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (neutrophil median: 29%; eosinophil median: 3%). The highest alveolar macrophage enzymatic activities were obtained in the active sarcoidosis group (median ACE: 23.38 microKat 10(-6) AM; median lysozyme: 8.64 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-glucuronidase: 324.22 U 10(-6) AM; median acid phosphatase: 0.78 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-D-NAGA: 1.85 nKat 10(-6) AM) which was significantly greater than in the control group (median ACE: 6.69 microKat 10(-6) AM; median lysozyme: 1.95 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-glucuronidase: 39.88 U 10(-6) AM; median acid phosphatase: 0.38 nKat 10(-6) AM; median beta-D-NAGA: 0.44 nKat 10(-6) AM). However, intracellular lysosomal enzymatic activities of alveolar macrophages from patients with allergic extrinsic alveolitis, a disease in which the degree of alveolar macrophage activation is maximal, were similar to those of the control group. These findings demonstrated a different pattern of expression of alveolar macrophage's hydrolytic enzymes in lymphocytic diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease. In sarcoidotic patients, hydrolytic enzymes were increased whereas in allergic extrinsic alveolitis, hydrolytic enzyme activities were similar to control groups. Indirect data suggest that the release of lysosomal enzymes by alveolar macrophages during allergic extrinsic alveolitis may be a factor involved in the pulmonary lesions appearing in this disease.

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Role of lysosomal enzymes released by alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of the acute phase of hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases lung injury induced by Toxocara canis in experimentally infected rats

In vivo inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases lung injury induced by Toxocara canis in experimentally infected rats

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENZYMATIC MARKERS OF PULMONARY CELL DAMAGE AND CELLULAR PROFILE: A Study in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid

Hydrolytic enzyme of the alveolar macrophage in diffuse pulmonary interstitial disease

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