<i>In vivo</i> inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase decreases lung injury induced by <i>Toxocara canis</i> in experimentally infected rats

Espinoza, Elsa; Pérez-Arellano, José Luís; Carranza, Cristina; Collía, Francisco; Muro, Antonio

doi:10.1046/j.1365-3024.2002.00598.x

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Antigens of T. canis is reported to produces NO and PGE 2 in vitro [112]. In vivo production of NO during Toxocara canis infection causes direct host damages and it is strongly related to the oxidative stress and larval NO is effective in migration [113].…”

Section: Toxocara Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of nitric oxide and its up/down stream molecules in the immunity against parasitic infections

Nahrevanian

2009

Braz J Infect Dis

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent mediator with diverse roles in regulating cellular functions and signaling pathways. The NO synthase (NOS) enzyme family consists of three major isoforms, which convey variety of messages between cells, including signals for vasorelaxation, neurotransmission and cytotoxicity. This family of enzymes are generally classified as neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). Increased levels of NO are induced from iNOS during infection; while eNOS and nNOS may be produced at the baseline in normal conditions. An association of some key cytokines appears to be essential for NOS gene regulation in the immunity of infections. Accumulating evidence indicates that parasitic diseases are commonly associated with elevated production of NO. NO plays a role in the immunoregulation and it is implicated in the host non-specific defence in a variety of infections. Nevertheless, the functional role of NO and NOS isoforms in the immune responses of host against the majority of parasites is still highly controversial. In the present review, the role of parasitic infections will be discussed in the controversy related to the NO production and iNOS gene expression in different parasites and a variety of experimental models.

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Section: Toxocara Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of nitric oxide and its up/down stream molecules in the immunity against parasitic infections

Nahrevanian

2009

Braz J Infect Dis

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“…The cysts are 1.5 cm in diameter, and these may rupture into the bronchioles, extruding blood, eggs, and inflammatory exudate. Several excretory-secretory and somatic products from tissue-invading helminths have been related to the modulation of the host's immune response, e.g., through the induction/inhibition of different host immune mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) (7). NO plays an important role in many infectious diseases due to both its direct effector function and its potent immunoregulatory properties (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Paragonimiasis Diagnosed by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy

et al. 2008

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We report a case of paragonimiasis involving a 12-year-old Latin American boy. The diagnosis was made by fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a pulmonary nodule. Identification of the species by morphometric analysis of the eggs indicated that the infection was caused by Paragonimus mexicanus. CASE REPORTA 12-year-old boy with a 2-year history of seizures, headaches, and intermittent hemoptysis presented to the Ben Taub General Hospital emergency room after a cluster of five seizure attacks. The boy was from El Salvador, had been in the United States for 14 months, and had been treated with phenytoin for his seizures. On presentation, his head computed tomography (CT) scan showed a calcified cystic lesion in the left anterior frontal area. The electroencephalograph was abnormal, with recurrent slow wave spikes in the left temporal lobe and a frontal slow-wave spike. He was diagnosed with symptomatic localized epilepsy with secondary generalized tonic/clonic seizures. He was started on carbamazepine (Tegretol) and followed monthly by the Neurology Service. He had been seizure free for 9 months when he presented to the emergency room for a second time with two episodes of selflimited tonic/clonic seizure at school, each lasting less than 1 minute. There was no loss of bladder or bowel control. The patient reported a 1-year history of intermittent hemoptysis. His sputum was reported to be blood streaked with no gross blood. He had an occasional productive cough but no hematemesis, nasal congestion, chest pain, or shortness of breath. He occasionally had fever but no chills or night sweats. The patient's mother reported that he had a 20-pound weight loss over the previous year. No diarrhea was reported. His physical activity was normal and he did not complain of fatigue. Headaches had been worse over the past few months; therefore, he had missed several days of school. The headaches were frontal, throbbing, and associated with photophobia. He was also complained of problems with visual acuity. He denied any syncope, vomiting, or persistent poor vision. His headaches were relieved with acetaminophen (Tylenol).His physical examination was unremarkable. His laboratory investigation documented a normal complete blood count with no eosinophilia. His metabolic panel was also normal. His cerebrospinal fluid sample had four white cells and no red cells; cerebrospinal fluid culture was negative for bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Abdominal and pelvic CT scans were normal. His chest X-ray and CT scan showed multiple lung nodules measuring up to 2.2 cm but no lymphadenopathy (Fig. 1). Pulmonary angiography showed no evidence of hypervascular tumor or arteriovenous malformation. A head CT scan revealed a focus of encephalomalacia in the left superior frontal gyrus involving the underlying white matter and a 2-to 3-mm focal calcification. A CT-guided lung biopsy using fine-needle aspiration showed abundant necrotic cellular debris surrounding numerous thick-walled parasite eggs morphologically consistent with those of the trematode or...

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“…Moreover, Toxocara canis excretory/secretory adult antigen also stimulated alveolar macrophages to produce prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). These results indicate that Toxocara canis can stimulate the release of vasodilatory mediators by host macrophages (Espinoza et al, 2002;Hewitson et.al, 2009;Muro and Perez-Arellano, 2010).…”

Section: Protective and Cytotoxic Function Of Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 91%

“…Excretory/secretory antigens from adult worms in Toxocara canis and Strongyloides venezuelensis stimulated the NO production from alveolar macrophages (Espinoza et al, 2002). The cytoplasmatic signalling pathways involved in the NO production after stimulation with adult excretory/secretory antigen of Toxocara canis.…”

Section: Protective and Cytotoxic Function Of Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 97%

“…This bloodstream migration would be clearly facilitated by blood-vessel dilatation described toxocariasis models. Deleterious effects were attributed on the host physiology in the release of NO by host cells, induced by the parasite itself (Espinoza et al, 2002). Thus, production of NO during migration of T. canis LII inside their host could facilitate their migration and triggering of this production by LII may represent a parasite adaptation mechanism (Muro and Perez-Arellano, 2010).…”

Section: Protective and Cytotoxic Function Of Nitric Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

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