“…Probiotics seem to work toward that end in two steps: L. plantarum spp., as the USM8613, MTCC 2621, SGL07, and UBLP-40 have been recognized in many studies as being that which has the strongest anti-inflammatory action, not only by means of significantly up-regulating the pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ, β-defensin and the mRNA expression of CXCL10 and CXCL8, which are seriously involved in neutrophil and macrophage recruitment, but also by earlier down-regulating IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, and RANTES and up-regulating the anti-inflammatory IL-10 and others. These actions clearly document their marked anti-inflammatory effect, which is possibly involved in the reduction of hypertrophic wound scar formation [19,20,33,38,41]. Furthermore, earlier experiments, having documented a faster wound closure during the inflammatory phase (days 1 to 4), clearly suggested the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics [18,34,35].…”