Role of inflammatory cells in airway remodeling in COPD

Wang, Yujie; Xu, Jiayan; Meng, Yaqi; Adcock, Ian M.; Yao, Xin

doi:10.2147/copd.s176122

Cited by 254 publications

(210 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…He also reported that immune cells can control the stages of cancer development at all stages [22]. COPD including emphysema is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes are infiltration in airway and lung tissue [23]. In addition, COPD and lung cancer are progressive diseases caused by substances that mediate this inflammatory response, which is supported by the high incidence of lung cancer in patients with severe impaired lung function and frequent exacerbations with inflammatory reactions [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional emphysema score is associated with tumor location and poor prognosis in completely resected NSCLC patients

et al. 2020

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Background Lung cancer is a frequent comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the local risk of developing lung cancer related to regional emphysema distribution and clinical outcome has not been investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of regional emphysema score (RES) on tumor location and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods We enrolled 457 patients who underwent curative surgery for NSCLC at seven hospitals at The Catholic University of Korea from 2014 to 2018. Emphysema was visually assessed for each lobe, with the lingula as a separate lobe. Semi-quantitative emphysema scoring was classified as follows: 0 = none, 0.5 = 1 to 10%, 1 = 11 to 25%, 2 = 26 to 50%, 3 = 51 to 75%, and 4 = 76 to 100%. An RES was given to each of the six lung zone: the upper, middle, and lower lobes in the right and left lungs. Results There were 145 patients in the high RES (≥ 3) group and 312 in the low RES (< 3) group. The mean RES in each lobe with cancer was significantly higher than that in other lobes without cancer (0.51 vs. 0.37, P < 0.001). This group showed significantly shorter disease-free survival (P < 0.001), in addition, presence of COPD, low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (< 80), smoking status, and poor differentiation were more frequent in this group. Also, cancer in a lobe with a higher RES (odds ratio (OR) = 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI:1.01–2.42; P = 0.04), pathologic stage ≥ III (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.28–3.89; P < 0.001), and poor differentiation (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.22–3.21; P < 0.001) were independent factors for tumor recurrence. Conclusions The regional severity of emphysema by visual qualification was associated with the location of lung cancer, and was an independently poor prognostic factor for tumor recurrence in completely resected NSCLC patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional emphysema score is associated with tumor location and poor prognosis in completely resected NSCLC patients

et al. 2020

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“…The umbrella term Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is used to describe a set of symptoms mainly chronic bronchitis and airway obstruction, remodeling of the small airways, and emphysema, which results in an irreversible decline in the function of the pulmonary system [36]. Infiltration of a variety of inflammatory cell types including neutrophils and macrophages into the small airways is a common finding in COPD [36]. Ekberg-Jansson et al investigated the distribution of MCs in different bronchial compartments of 29 asymptomatic smokers and 16 healthy non-smokers.…”

Section: Role Of Mcs In the Pathology Of Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mast Cells in IgE-Independent Lung Diseases

Komi

Mortaz

Amani

et al. 2020

Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol

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Mast cells (MCs) are granular cells of the innate immune system which develop from CD34 + /CD117 + progenitors and play a role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. They have a well-known role in allergic reactions following immunoglobulin (Ig)Emediated activation of the cell-surface expressed IgE high-affinity receptor (FcεRI). MCs can also respond to various other stimuli due to the expression of a variety of receptors including toll-like receptors (TLRs), immunoglobulin (IgG) receptors (FcγR), complement receptors such as C5a (CD88) expressed by skin MCs, neuropeptides receptors including nerve growth factor receptor, (NGFR), cytokines receptors such as (IL)-1R and IL-3R, and chemokines receptors including CCR-1 and CCR-3. MCs release three groups of mediators upon degranulation differentiated according to their chemical composition, storage, and time to release. These include preformed mediators (mainly histamine, tryptase, and chymase), de novo synthesized mediators such as prostaglandin (PG)D2, leukotriene (LT)B4 and LTD4, and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-3, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β. Emerging evidence indicates a role for IgE-independent MC activation in the late-stage asthmatic response as well as in non-allergic airway diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. MC infiltration/activation has been reported in some, but not all, studies of lung cancer. MC-derived TNF-α possesses tumor-suppressive activity while IL-1β supports tumor progression and metastasis. In IPF lungs, an increase in density of tryptase-and chymase-positive MCs (MCTC) and overexpression of TGF-β support the fibrosis progression. MC-derived chymase activates latent TGF-β that induces the differentiation of fibroblasts to matrix-producing myofibroblasts. In summary, increasing evidence highlights a critical role of MCs in non-allergic diseases that may indicate new approaches for therapy.

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“…Cathepsin G, NE and PR3 have also been reported to contribute towards mucus hypersecretion [128,129]. NETs secreted by activated neutrophils, contain histones, NE and MPO, and are found to be excessive in COPD patients, contributing to disease progression [130].…”

Section: Granulocyte-targeted Therapies For Asthmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocyte-targeted therapies for airway diseases

Tavares

Peh

Tan

et al. 2020

Pharmacological Research

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The average respiration rate for an adult is 12-20 breaths per minute, which constantly exposes the lungs to allergens and harmful particles. As a result, respiratory diseases, which includes asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute lower respiratory tract infections (LTRI), are a major cause of death worldwide. Although asthma, COPD and LTRI are distinctly different diseases with separate mechanisms of disease progression, they do share a common featureairway inflammation with intense recruitment and activation of granulocytes and mast cells. Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and mast cells are crucial players in host defense against pathogens and maintenance of lung homeostasis. Upon contact with harmful particles, part of the pulmonary defense mechanism is to recruit these cells into the airways. Despite their protective nature, overactivation or accumulation of granulocytes and mast cells in the lungs results in unwanted chronic airway inflammation and damage. As such, understanding the bright and the dark side of these leukocytes in lung physiology paves the way for the development of therapies targeting this important mechanism of disease. Here we discuss the role of granulocytes in respiratory diseases and summarize therapeutic strategies focused on granulocyte recruitment and activation in the lungs.

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Role of inflammatory cells in airway remodeling in COPD

Cited by 254 publications

References 89 publications

Regional emphysema score is associated with tumor location and poor prognosis in completely resected NSCLC patients

Regional emphysema score is associated with tumor location and poor prognosis in completely resected NSCLC patients

The Role of Mast Cells in IgE-Independent Lung Diseases

Granulocyte-targeted therapies for airway diseases

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