Role of Inflammation in Suicide: From Mechanisms to Treatment

Brundin, Lena; Bryleva, Elena Y.; Rajamani, Keerthi Thirtamara

doi:10.1038/npp.2016.116

Cited by 183 publications

(158 citation statements)

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“…In addition, immune or behavioral manipulations performed at stages of development that range from the perinatal period, adolescence, and adulthood until senescence, indicate that the impact of behavior–immune interactions is age‐ and sex‐dependent. It is beyond the scope of this article to review the extremely abundant literature dealing with one or the other aspect of this broad subject, and only a few articles from the many available are mentioned here . These reviews also include a large list of references to which the reader interested in a given aspect is referred to.…”

Section: Immunity and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity and ultrasonic vocalization in rodents

Jouda

Wöhr

Rey

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) serve important communicative functions in rodents. Different types of USVs can be triggered in the sender, for example, by maternal separation, social interactions, or exposure to predators, and they evoke affiliative or alarming behaviors in recipients. This review focusses on studies evaluating possible links between immunity and USVs. Most studies have been performed in a murine model of maternal immune activation and subsequent evaluation of effects in the offspring. This model has received large attention in recent years because it mimics behavioral abnormalities observed in certain human neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. Although there is still some controversy, the results indicate that stimulation of the immune system of mice and rats during pregnancy affects ultrasonic calling in pups. Few studies are available on immunization during adulthood and USVs. In most cases, immune stimulation led to disease, complicating conclusions about a possible direct link between vocalization and immunity. Although much work is still needed, this is certainly a rather new and promising aspect of interactions between the immune system and behavior.

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Section: Immunity and Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity and ultrasonic vocalization in rodents

Jouda

Wöhr

Rey

2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…High cerebrospinal fluid quinolinic acid levels correlate with high suicidal intent 93. Quinolinic acid levels have been demonstrated to be continuously elevated in the patients who had suicide attempts, and the levels were highest in close proximity to the attempt 94. Quinolinic acid is an NMDA receptor agonist which leads to an excess of calcium influx into neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide and Lyme and associated diseases

Bransfield¹

2017

NDT

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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the association between suicide and Lyme and associated diseases (LAD). No journal article has previously performed a comprehensive assessment of this subject.IntroductionMultiple case reports and other references demonstrate a causal association between suicidal risk and LAD. Suicide risk is greater in outdoor workers and veterans, both with greater LAD exposure. Multiple studies demonstrate many infections and the associated proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory-mediated metabolic changes, and quinolinic acid and glutamate changes alter neural circuits which increase suicidality. A similar pathophysiology occurs in LAD.MethodA retrospective chart review and epidemiological calculations were performed.ResultsLAD contributed to suicidality, and sometimes homicidality, in individuals who were not suicidal before infection. A higher level of risk to self and others is associated with multiple symptoms developing after acquiring LAD, in particular, explosive anger, intrusive images, sudden mood swings, paranoia, dissociative episodes, hallucinations, disinhibition, panic disorder, rapid cycling bipolar, depersonalization, social anxiety disorder, substance abuse, hypervigilance, generalized anxiety disorder, genital–urinary symptoms, chronic pain, anhedonia, depression, low frustration tolerance, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Negative attitudes about LAD from family, friends, doctors, and the health care system may also contribute to suicide risk. By indirect calculations, it is estimated there are possibly over 1,200 LAD suicides in the US per year.ConclusionSuicidality seen in LAD contributes to causing a significant number of previously unexplained suicides and is associated with immune-mediated and metabolic changes resulting in psychiatric and other symptoms which are possibly intensified by negative attitudes about LAD from others. Some LAD suicides are associated with being overwhelmed by multiple debilitating symptoms, and others are impulsive, bizarre, and unpredictable. Greater understanding and a direct method of acquiring LAD suicide statistics is needed. It is suggested that medical examiners, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other epidemiological organizations proactively evaluate the association between LAD and suicide.

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“…Exposure to stress or trauma and associated dysregulation of the neuroendocrine and autonomic systems that characterize these disorders may precipitate inflammatory states and the release of cytokines that then contribute to increased symptom severity via effects on brain circuits critical for the regulation of fear and anxiety (eg, prefrontal cortex, insula, amygdale, and hippocampus). These effects of inflammation on neurotransmitters and neurocircuits are further extended in the review by Brundin et al (2017) who report a consistent association between increased inflammatory activation and suicidal behavior seen across psychiatric disorders. On the basis of this association, they propose that biomarkers of inflammation and its downstream mediators including metabolites of the kynurenine pathway, which relate to both serotonin and glutamate, may provide not only a mechanism by which suicidal behavior occurs, but also a biological estimate of suicide risk.…”

Section: Impact Of the Immune System On Neurotransmitters Neurocircumentioning

confidence: 99%