The Immunology of Behavior—Exploring the Role of the Immune System in Brain Health and Illness

Miller, Andrew H.; Haroon, Ebrahim; Felger, Jennifer C.

doi:10.1038/npp.2016.229

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Differing from both the domain-focused training, as well as compensatory cognitive remediation approaches, TCT emphasizes training of early phases of perceptual processing while simultaneously requiring close engagement of attentional control and prefrontal predictive and response selection operations. This intervention has been demonstrated to evoke neuroplasticity in sensory ( Dale et al, 2015 , Popov et al, 2011 ), subcortical ( Ramsay et al, 2017 ), and higher-order ( Subramaniam et al, 2014 ) cortical regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model selection and prediction of outcomes in recent onset schizophrenia patients who undergo cognitive training

Ramsay

Fisher

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Predicting treatment outcomes in psychiatric populations remains a challenge, but is increasingly important in the pursuit of personalized medicine. Patients with schizophrenia have deficits in cognition, and targeted cognitive training (TCT) of auditory processing and working memory has been shown to improve some of these impairments; but little is known about the baseline patient characteristics predictive of cognitive improvement. Here we use a model selection and regression approach called least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to examine predictors of cognitive improvement in response to TCT for patients with recent onset schizophrenia. Forty-three individuals with recent onset schizophrenia randomized to undergo TCT were assessed at baseline on measures of cognition, symptoms, functioning, illness duration, and demographic variables. We carried out 10-fold cross-validation of LASSO for model selection and regression. We followed up on these results using linear models for statistical inference. No individual variable was found to correlate with improvement in global cognition using a Pearson correlation approach, and a linear model including all variables was also found not to be significant. However, the LASSO model identified baseline global cognition, education, and gender in a model predictive of improvement on global cognition following TCT. These findings offer guidelines for personalized approaches to cognitive training for patients with schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model selection and prediction of outcomes in recent onset schizophrenia patients who undergo cognitive training

Ramsay

Fisher

et al. 2018

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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“…Interventions targeting tonic craving may in turn dampen phasic response to alcohol administration or cues, thus assessing craving in multidimensional fashion and accounting for combined phasic and tonic effects appears warranted. To that end, a recent human laboratory study found that a novel neuroimmune medication (ibudilast) reduced tonic craving compared to placebo (captured by the PACS) yet there were no medication effects on alcohol- or cue-induced phasic craving ( Ray et al, 2017 ). This serves to illustrate the complex clinical interplay between tonic and phasic craving and its treatment implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between tonic and phasic craving for alcohol

Hartwell

Ray

2018

Addictive Behaviors Reports

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BackgroundMultiple measures are utilized to assess alcohol craving, often interchangeably. Little is known about the relationship between tonic and phasic craving. This study fills this gap in the literature by examining the association between tonic levels of alcohol craving and phasic craving for alcohol that is provoked by alcohol administration.MethodsForty-three non-treatment seeking problem drinkers underwent an initial interview and two laboratory testing sessions, where either alcohol or a saline placebo was administered intravenously. Tonic craving was assessed via the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) at the initial interview. Phasic craving was assessed during the laboratory sessions (i.e., alcohol and saline administrations, single blinded) at baseline and at 3 subsequent breath alcohol concentrations (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 g/dl).ResultsThere was a main effect of PACS in predicting phasic craving across both saline and alcohol administration conditions (p < 0.05). The OCDS was predictive of phasic craving when alcohol, but not saline, was administered (p = 0.058); the obsessive subscale (p = 0.01), but not the compulsive subscale (p > 0.10), predicted phasic craving during alcohol, as compared to saline administration.ConclusionIn sum, tonic craving captured by the OCDS was predictive of phasic craving during alcohol administration whereas the PACS more generally captured the increase in phasic craving. Therefore, these measures of tonic craving may function differently in capturing the experience of phasic craving. Implications for the utilization of the PACS and OCDS as well as assessments of craving in alcoholism research are discussed.

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“…More specific, increased endurance (higher scores on the reduced Cooper test) seemed related to reduced number of pain sites (Table 5 ). At first, this might resemble activity-induced pain modulation or hypoalgesia (Naugle et al, 2013 ; Jones et al, 2014 ; Saanijoki et al, 2017 ). However, the study design does not allow such an evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness Levels Do Not Affect Stress Levels in a Sample of Norwegian Adolescents

2017

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Physical inactivity, low physical fitness, and perceived stress during adolescence are presumed to be risk factors for various disorders and subjective health complaints. On the other hand, physical activity and physical fitness, as well as mindfulness qualities, are regarded as prerequisites for health and well-being in children and adolescent, possibly by moderating the negative effects of stress and protecting against stress-related health complaints. Previous studies have suggested gender differences in the relationship between physical activity/physical fitness and psychological variables. The main objective in this study was to evaluate how physical fitness, along with mindfulness qualities (MAAS-A), pain, and BMI, relate to stress (PSQ) in adolescents. Secondary objectives were to explore the relationship between physical fitness, mindfulness (MAAS-A), and BMI more explicitly in the study sample, as well as to evaluate possible gender differences. The cross-sectional sample included 102 Norwegian pupils in 10th grade (15 or 16 years). Study measurements were four items from the Test of Physical Fitness (TPF), the Norwegian version of the four-factor Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), the Norwegian version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescent (MAAS-A), and BMI (recorded in terms of self-reported height and weight). Additionally, pain was measured in terms of localization, number of pain sites, duration, and intensity (Visual analogue scale; VAS). According to the regression analyses, physical fitness could not explain any variation in stress among the adolescents. Nevertheless, there were some negative associations between one stress factor (lack of joy) and components of physical fitness at a group level, possibly influenced by conditions not measured in this study. As opposed to physical fitness, mindfulness qualities, and to some degree gender, seemed to explain variation in stress among the adolescents. None of the physical fitness components were associated to mindfulness (MAAS-A), but some components seemed negatively related to BMI, particularly among the males. Among the females, higher physical fitness (in terms of endurance) seemed related to reduced number of pain sites. Of note, the cross-sectional design did not allow us to determine any causal direction among the variables.

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The Immunology of Behavior—Exploring the Role of the Immune System in Brain Health and Illness

Abstract: Given the well-known impact of stress on psychiatric disease, there is a rich basic science literature using a variety of Neuropsychopharmacology REVIEWS (2017) 42, 1-4

Cited by 54 publications

References 20 publications

Model selection and prediction of outcomes in recent onset schizophrenia patients who undergo cognitive training

Model selection and prediction of outcomes in recent onset schizophrenia patients who undergo cognitive training

Relationship between tonic and phasic craving for alcohol

Physical Fitness Levels Do Not Affect Stress Levels in a Sample of Norwegian Adolescents

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