Role of Inflammation in Pathophysiology of Colonic Disease: An Update

Abstract

<jats:p>Diseases of the colon are a big health burden in both men and women worldwide ranging from acute infection to cancer. Environmental and genetic factors influence disease onset and outcome in multiple colonic pathologies. The importance of inflammation in the onset, progression and outcome of multiple colonic pathologies is gaining more traction as the evidence from recent research is considered. In this review, we provide an update on the literature to understand how genetics, diet, and the gut microbiota influence the crosstalk between immune and non-immune cells resulting in inflammation observed in multiple colonic pathologies. Specifically, we focus on four colonic diseases two of which have a more established association with inflammation (inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer) while the other two have a less understood relationship with inflammation (diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome).</jats:p>

Natural History of Ulcerative Colitis with Coexistent Colonic Diverticulosis

“…Indeed, UC patients with concomitant colonic diverticulosis were less likely to have an extensive colitis, which is known to associate with a more severe course of the disease. In recent years, new insights have emerged regarding the qualitative and the quantitative changes in microbiota composition and diversity, which appear to be crucial for the occurrence and the persistence of symptoms in patients with colonic diverticulosis [ 11 ]. Consistently, the poorly absorbable drug rifaximin, which favours the growth of bacteria beneficial to the host without altering its overall composition, has been used with success in the prevention of exacerbations of colonic diverticulosis [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Gut Microbiota and Colon Cancer: A Role for Bacterial Protein Toxins?

“…Such bacterial product can enter the systemic circulation and elicit a variety of immunological and metabolic responses [ 175 , 176 ]. Inflammation plays an important role in CRC [ 177 ] and it seems to be crucial in the toxin-induced pro-carcinogenic activity (see Figure 3 ). The establishment of chronic inflammation, in particular, can crucially contribute to cancer via different mechanisms, including the induction of the EMT, a process involved in metastasis, invasion, and progression of various cancers [ 178 , 179 ].…”

Morphological manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome

“…Воспаление играет важную роль в появлении, развитии и исходах различных заболеваний кишечника, включая СРК [4].…”