2013
DOI: 10.1155/2013/989837
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Role ofHLA,KIR,MICA, and Cytokines Genes in Leprosy

Abstract: Many genes including HLA, KIR, and MICA genes, as well as polymorphisms in cytokines have been investigated for their role in infectious disease. HLA alleles may influence not only susceptibility or resistance to leprosy, but also the course of the disease. Some combinations of HLA and KIR may result in negative as well as positive interactions between NK cells and infected host cells with M. leprae, resulting in activation or inhibition of NK cells and, consequently, in death of bacillus. In addition, studies… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…Multibacillary leprosy (Lepromatous) is characterized by low cellular immunity with humoral Th2 response [4], as indicated by the production of transforming growth factor (TGF) -β, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 and high antibody production. Instead, pausibacillary patients show high cellular immunity, characterized by Th1 response with the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 [5]. In multibacillary leprosy, there is an inhibition of IL-12 signal and stimulation response of IL-4, thus these patients are unable to limit M. Leprae's growth [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multibacillary leprosy (Lepromatous) is characterized by low cellular immunity with humoral Th2 response [4], as indicated by the production of transforming growth factor (TGF) -β, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 and high antibody production. Instead, pausibacillary patients show high cellular immunity, characterized by Th1 response with the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18 [5]. In multibacillary leprosy, there is an inhibition of IL-12 signal and stimulation response of IL-4, thus these patients are unable to limit M. Leprae's growth [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, Th1 subtype is characterized by predominant production of proinflammatory cytokines like interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), and IL-2 which promote Th1-dominant immune response to M. leprae indicating the development of a milder poles of leprosy [18,36]. The results of present study together with high IL-6 plasma level and IL-6 mRNA in ENL lesions [37,38] as well as significant rise of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-1β cytokines in…”
Section: Hp Concentrationmentioning
confidence: 47%
“…A variabilidade genética de genes de citocinas traduz a complexidade de diferenças individuais na resposta imune a patógenos 15,16 . O paciente do presente estudo apresentou genótipo TNF-α G/G e IFN-γ T/A, os quais, segundo o fabricante do kit, representam baixa e intermediária produção da citocina, respectivamente, enquanto seria necessária uma produção elevada de ambas as citocinas para contenção da infecção.…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…O paciente do presente estudo apresentou genótipo TNF-α G/G e IFN-γ T/A, os quais, segundo o fabricante do kit, representam baixa e intermediária produção da citocina, respectivamente, enquanto seria necessária uma produção elevada de ambas as citocinas para contenção da infecção. O IFN-γ age sobre macrófagos, estimulando a fagocitose e os mecanismos de ativação celular, levando a maior produção de TNF-α que incrementa a ativação macrofágica, atuando por meio de um mecanismo sinérgico cíclico 15,16 .Neste estudo, os genótipos do paciente TGF-β T/C G/G, IL-10 GCC/ATA, IL-6 G/G, segundo o fabricante do kit, representam alta, intermediária e alta produção da citocina, respectivamente, o que pode caracterizar uma inativação da resposta celular e favorecimento de uma resposta humoral. O TGF-β tem ação supressora sobre macrófagos, inibição da produção de TNF-α e diminuição da produção de IFN-γ, dessa forma podendo contribuir para a perpetuação da infecção.…”
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