Role of hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant enzymes in the interaction between a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen, Leptosphaeria maculans, and oilseed rape

Induction of defense mechanisms in seedlings of oilseed winter rape inoculated with Phoma lingam (Leptosphaeria maculans)

“…1d). Jindřichová et al (2011) showed elevated activity of peroxidases (guaiacol and ascorbate) and superoxide dismutase in both L. maculans-infected and elicitortreated cotyledons of B. napus. Enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, non-specific peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, are frequently observed as response to ROS generation (Barna et al 2012;Libik-Konieczny et al 2011).…”

“…Desm., is one of the most damaging diseases suffered by oilseed winter rape and it causes large yield losses (Jędryczka 2007). L. maculans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen with an initial necrotrophic stage characterized by toxin (sirodesmins) production and necrotic spot formation (Fitt et al 2006;Jindřichová et al 2011;Kachlicki & Jędryczka 1994;Rouxel & Balesdent 2005). The first symptoms of blackleg can be observed at the seedling stage during autumn, but the disease develops throughout all the growth stages of the plant (Gladders & Musa 1980).…”

“…•-) (Jindřichová et al 2011). However, it should be stressed that ROS produced in the oxidative burst could reduce pathogen infection and also destroy the non-infected cells.…”

Carbohydrate, phenolic and antioxidant level in relation to chlorophyll a content in oilseed winter rape (Brassica napus L.) inoculated with Leptosphaeria maculans

“…Hammond and Lewis (1987) showed that L. maculans, being a hemibiotroph, can act as a biotroph at the beginning of the infection and switch to a necrotrophic mode at the later stages of pathogenesis. However, recent works indicate that at an early stage of plant infection L. maculans can be a necrotroph, then it enters a long biotrophic stage, and finally it switches back to the necrotrophic stage (Rouxel and Balesdent 2005;Jindřichová et al 2011;Hayward et al 2012). Furthermore, it was shown that some fungi at their necrotrophic stage can manipulate the host plant by secreting specific effector proteins that may affect the host metabolism in a manner typical for biotrophs (Oliver and Solomon 2010).…”

“…L. maculans is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, which in the initial phase of infestation may behave as a biotrophic fungus (Šašek et al 2012), but also a necrotrophic one (Jindřichová et al 2011;Hayward et al 2012). An important element of a necrotrophic infestation is the stimulation of the attacked tissues to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which cause cell death and facilitate the infestation of healthy plant tissues (Torres 2010).…”