Role of hydrocarbons and renewable energies in Iran's energy matrix focusing on bioenergy: review

Abstract

Iran is one of the most potent energy exporters and fastest‐growing energy consumers in the world. Its large amount of energy exported can directly impact the economy of importer countries. Iran's energy matrix mostly consists of hydrocarbons, while the remaining portion is compounded by a blend of biofuels, hydropower, wind, solar, and other renewable sources. Even though the country has an excellent potential to reach a large amount of renewable power, it is most likely that Iran will deal with a shortage in its electricity segment during the upcoming years. Besides wind and solar energy, bioenergy appears to be a good alternative for enhancing the country's energy matrix and transit Iran's energy consumption pattern from a high‐level usage of hydrocarbons to a more renewable scenario. Therefore, in the present paper, the role of Iran in global energy production is discussed, and its potential for renewable energy generation is described. The review presents a vast set of data related to environmental, infrastructural, economic, and social aspects to clarify the potential and benefits of Iran's transition to a more renewable energy matrix. The investigations revealed the country's extremely favourable conditions to use bioenergy resources as a key solution to avoiding future energy crises, besides improving quality of life. The context can help researchers, power suppliers, and energy consumers know how renewable energies, especially bioenergy, can modify the energy matrix of a country rich in hydrocarbon resources.

The Impact of Renewable Energy Usages and Green Practices within Business Periphery on Improving the Sustainability of the Environment All Around the World

“…In addition, renewable energy sources can be described as the source of energy that has been derived from natural sources that are available in nature and can be revived. In simple words, alternative energy sources can be explained as the energy sources that are obtained from those natural sources that cannot run out, for example: sunlight, wind, bio-gas and do on [9]. Utilisation or three energy sources are beneficial for the environment as this does not cause a negative impact on the environment.…”

Theoretical study of a downdraft gasifier, microturbine, and organic Rankine cycle fuelled by date molasses waste for distributed generation applications in Iraq

“…A study by a number of researchers has demonstrated the importance of Iraq switching from using fossil fuels as its primary source of energy to renewable sources, particularly electricity produced from biomass. The study revealed a number of benefits connected to enhancing social, economic, and environmental issues 8 . Natural gas, in particular, dominates the production of electricity in Iraq, which is virtually entirely reliant on fossil fuels (more than 97%), according to the IEA.…”

“…The study revealed a number of benefits connected to enhancing social, economic, and environmental issues. 8 Natural gas, in particular, dominates the production of electricity in Iraq, which is virtually entirely reliant on fossil fuels (more than 97%), according to the IEA. Hydropower is the only renewable energy available in Iraq and contributes 4%.…”

Techno‐economic viability analysis of a downdraft gasification system for hydrogen production from date molasses waste in Iraq

“…After the process of gasification, the producer gas is cooled and cleaned to be ready for use as fuel in gas turbines or internal combustion engines to generate electrical energy and/or thermal energy 8 …”

“…7 After the process of gasification, the producer gas is cooled and cleaned to be ready for use as fuel in gas turbines or internal combustion engines to generate electrical energy and/ or thermal energy. 8 As a result of growing environmental concern, gasification is gaining popularity as a means of generating hydrogen-rich producer gas for use in fuel cells to generate electricity or as a source of raw materials for the production of synthetic chemicals, liquid fuels like gasoline or methanol, and gaseous fuels like hydrogen, ammonia or methane. [9][10][11] Since hydrogen may be used as a fuel for fuel cells, as an energy carrier or a storage medium, and burnt directly as a fuel, it is seen as a potentially desirable option since it provides carbon-free power where it is used.…”