Abstract-Extraction of knowledge in agricultural data is a challenging task, from discovering patterns and relationships and interpretation. In order to obtain potentially interesting patterns and relationships from this data, it is therefore essential that a methodology be developed and take advantage of the sets of existing methods and tools available for data mining and knowledge discovery in databases. Data mining is relatively a new approach in the field of agriculture. Accurate information in characterizing crops depends on climatic, geographical, biological and other factors. These are very important inputs to generate characterization and prediction models in data mining. In this study, an efficient data mining methodology based on PCA-GA is explored, presented and implemented to characterize agricultural crops. The method draws improvements to classification problems by using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) as a pre processing method and a modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the function optimizer. The fitness function in GA is modified accordingly using efficient distance measures. The approach is to asses, the PCA-GA hybrid data mining method, using various agricultural field data sets, generate data mining classification models and establish meaningful relationships. The experimental results show improved classification rates and generated characterization models for agricultural crops. The domain model outcome may have benefits, to agricultural researchers and farmers. These generated classification models can also be utilized and readily incorporated into a decision support system.
Abstract-In this study, a data mining method based on PCA-GA is presented to characterize agricultural crops. Specifically it draws improvements to classification problems by using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) as a preprocessing method and a modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the function optimizer. The GA performs the optimization process, selecting the most suited set of features that determines the class of a crop it belongs to. The fitness function in GA is studied and modified accordingly using efficient distance measures. The soybean dataset is used in the experiment and results are compared with several classifiers. The experimental results show improved classification rates. This lessens the time consumed of agricultural researchers in characterizing agricultural crops.
The modern education system and learning process changed a lot and collaborative learning is one of the new approaches to learning that have the ability to improve the overall learning process. It also has the ability to make students more skilful and help them to choose the right career path in their future. The collaborative learning process has a huge impact on the learning process. It improves the responsibility and self-esteem of a student which helps them throughout their life. There are different factors that can maximise the effectiveness of collaborative learning and information and communication technology (ICT) is one of them. ICT has the ability to digitise the learning process and improves the overall effectiveness of the learning approach. This study is emphasising how ICT can mobilise the way of collaborative learning and also focus on different implementation processes. The secondary qualitative research design is adopted here to perform the research study efficiently and thematic analysis on the role of ICT in the collaborative learning approach enhances the relevance of the study. This research will also focus on the different implementation procedures of ICT that can improve the collaborative learning approach. Keyword :Approaches, Collaborative Learning, Effectiveness, ICT, Implementation.
The particular article is focused on evaluating several factors that are influencing the intention and attitude of teachers to use ICT in teaching in this digital era. The pandemic crisis during 2019-20 has boosted the growth of online education worldwide and after that most of the teachers are focused on improving their technical knowledge and using modern technologies in teaching. It enhances the efficiency of teaching and makes it easier for the students to understand different concepts. Considering this, identifying the critical factors that lead to the use of ICT by teachers is the main goal of this study. Secondary sources are used for assembling qualitative data as there are many articles and journals based on the topic which are capable of providing relevant information. A total of 8 articles and journals are selected by following some criteria and the findings from these articles are presented through a systematic table. Presentation of results and findings through the content analysis process enhances the significance of this study. Apart from that, the thematic analysis process has been used for discussing all the findings. It is identified that the ease of teaching, efficiency in teaching, lack of time, school culture, self-enthusiasm, increasing demand of online learning and others are the crucial influencing factors the attitude of teachers for using ICT in teaching. Keyword :Collaboration, Education, ICT, Learning, Online Education, Teaching, Technological Knowledge.
Biometric data is a technology that users or workers use and saves a lot of time. This technology helps people to keep things, data, and information more safe. There are several types of biometric such as fingerprints scan, iris scan, palm scan, face scans and many more. Users no longer need to remember passwords or pin codes because of this technology. Users just have to scan their fingers or palm, face or eyes to unlock devices and this system is way more secure than any other systems. Though it is a high cost system, organisations can trust on this system because no one can easily hack this technology as every person has different characteristics. Passwords, pin codes, pattern locks can be easily hacked but hacking someone’s fingerprints or iris scan is quite impossible. Still hackers can hack this technology sometimes. Mainly voice commands get hacked easily because anyone can record a user's voice without consent. In that case, users have to be more careful about personal things and should not share single information with anyone
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