Role of Haptoglobin in Health and Disease: A Focus on Diabetes

Abstract

In Brief Prospective identification of individuals with diabetes who are at greatest risk for developing complications would have considerable public health importance by allowing appropriate resources to be focused on those who would benefit most from aggressive intervention. Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute-phase protein that is crucial for the elimination of free hemoglobin and the neutralization of oxidative damage. In the past two decades, associations have been made between polymorphisms in Hp and complications arising from diabetes. Individuals with polymorphism in Hp have been shown to have significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current literature on the role of Hp in health and disease, with a focus on diabetes.

Haptoglobin phenotypes with weak antioxidant capacity increase risk factors of cardiovascular disease in Ghanaian HIV‐infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy

“…Haptoglobin (Hp) is a glycoprotein with variable antioxidant capacity . The physiological importance of Hp depends on the phenotypic presentation in individuals, with the most common phenotypes being Hp1‐1, Hp2‐1 and Hp2‐2 .…”

“…The physiological importance of Hp depends on the phenotypic presentation in individuals, with the most common phenotypes being Hp1‐1, Hp2‐1 and Hp2‐2 . Phenotype Hp1‐1 shows strong antioxidant property followed by Hp2‐1, while Hp2‐2 remains the weakest . Hp0 is the absence of Hp in blood, which has been attributed to mutation and/or deletion of the promoter region of the HP gene and excessive haemolysis, and results in null expression and rapid clearance of the circulatory protein, respectively .…”

Haptoglobin 1‐1 phenotype: A risk factor for 24‐hours polyuria

“…Haptoglobin (Hp) is a haemoglobin‐clearing plasma protein that is synthesised by the liver . Following intravascular haemolysis, free haemoglobin binds to Hp with high affinity, forming a stable Hp‐haemoglobin complex.…”

Studies on Acute Phase Inflamatory Proteins of Type 2 Diabetics in Owerri

“…Haptoglobin is an alpha 2glycoprotein synthesized primarily by hepatocytes [12]. It has polymorphism namely Hp1-1, Hp2-1, Hp 2-2 which binds free haemoglobin to form haemoglobinhaptoglobulin complex which prevents loss or damage in oxidative damage and associate in clinical evolution of several inflammatory disease [13]. Ceruloplasmin is an alpha 2 -glycoprotein which is synthesized in the liver and carries 90% of total copper in healthy and is involve on redox reaction; oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric iron, assisting transferrin and the increase can be used to measure degree of inflammation [14].…”