Role of Genes and Environments for Explaining Alzheimer Disease

Gatz, Margaret; Reynolds, Chandra A.; Fratiglioni, Laura; Johansson, Boo; Mortimer, James A.; Berg, Stig; Fiske, Amy; Pedersen, Nancy L.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.2.168

Cited by 1,455 publications

(1,044 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Individuals with a family history of AD or a genetic predisposition have the greatest likelihood of developing the disease (Duijn et al., 1991; Gatz et al., 2006). There is a critical need to discover treatments to delay disease progression in individuals that are at risk for AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory in a population at risk for Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2017

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IntroductionCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to be related to brain health in older adults. In individuals at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), CRF may be a modifiable risk factor that could attenuate anticipated declines in brain volume and episodic memory. The objective of this study was to determine the association between CRF and both hippocampal volume and episodic memory in a cohort of cognitively healthy older adults with familial and/or genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsEighty‐six enrollees from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated in this study. Participants performed a graded maximal exercise test, underwent a T‐1 anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan, and completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT).ResultsThere were no significant relationships between CRF and HV or RAVLT memory scores for the entire sample. When the sample was explored on the basis of gender, CRF was significantly associated with hippocampal volume for women. For men, significant positive associations were observed between CRF and RAVLT memory scores.SummaryThese results suggest that CRF may be protective against both hippocampal volume and episodic memory decline in older adults at risk for AD, but that the relationships may be gender specific.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory in a population at risk for Alzheimer's disease

et al. 2017

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“…There are 2 forms of AD, including early onset AD that is related with genetic factors, and late onset common form of disease [2] that is associated with aging [3] . AD is characterized by intracellular accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and extracellular deposition of beta amyloid (A) plaques [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) improves the spatial performance of a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

Kashani¹,

Rezaei‐Tavirani²,

Talaei

et al. 2011

Neurosci. Bull.

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Objective Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative disorders. It is characterized by dementia including defi cits in learning and memory. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on spatial performance of AD rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were fi rst divided into control and AD groups. Rat model of AD was established by intracerebroventricular injection of 10 g A1-42 20 d prior to administration of the lavender extract. Rats in both groups were then introduced to 2 stages of task learning (with an interval of 20 d) in Morris water maze, each followed by one probe test. After the fi rst stage of spatial learning, control and AD animals received different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) of the lavender extract. Results In the fi rst stage of experiment, the latency to locate the hidden platform in AD group was signifi cantly higher than that in control group. However, in the second stage of experiment, control and AD rats that received distilled water (vehicle) showed similar performance, indicating that the maze navigation itself could improve the spatial learning of AD animals. Besides, in the second stage of experiment, control and AD rats that received lavender extract administration at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/ kg) spent less time locating the platform (except for the AD rats with 50 mg/kg extract treatment), as compared with their counterparts with vehicle treatment, respectively. In addition, lavender extract signifi cantly improved the performance of control and AD rats in the probe test, only at the dose of 200 mg/kg, as compared with their counterparts with vehicle treatment. Conclusion The lavender extract can effectively reverse spatial learning defi cits in AD rats.

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“…For instance, Alzheimer's disease (AD) shows a heritability above 70% (Gatz et al ., 2006) and osteoarthritis (Ishimori et al ., 2010) or cataract show 50% heritability (Hammond et al ., 2001). …”

Section: Omics and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of ‘omics’ data in aging research: from biomarkers to systems biology

et al. 2015

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SummaryAge is the strongest risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer. Due to increasing life expectancy and low birth rates, the incidence of age‐related diseases is increasing in industrialized countries. Therefore, understanding the relationship between diseases and aging and facilitating healthy aging are major goals in medical research. In the last decades, the dimension of biological data has drastically increased with high‐throughput technologies now measuring thousands of (epi) genetic, expression and metabolic variables. The most common and so far successful approach to the analysis of these data is the so‐called reductionist approach. It consists of separately testing each variable for association with the phenotype of interest such as age or age‐related disease. However, a large portion of the observed phenotypic variance remains unexplained and a comprehensive understanding of most complex phenotypes is lacking. Systems biology aims to integrate data from different experiments to gain an understanding of the system as a whole rather than focusing on individual factors. It thus allows deeper insights into the mechanisms of complex traits, which are caused by the joint influence of several, interacting changes in the biological system. In this review, we look at the current progress of applying omics technologies to identify biomarkers of aging. We then survey existing systems biology approaches that allow for an integration of different types of data and highlight the need for further developments in this area to improve epidemiologic investigations.

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Role of Genes and Environments for Explaining Alzheimer Disease

Cited by 1,455 publications

References 38 publications

Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory in a population at risk for Alzheimer's disease

Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory in a population at risk for Alzheimer's disease

Aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) improves the spatial performance of a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

Integration of ‘omics’ data in aging research: from biomarkers to systems biology

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