Role of Gender, Smoking Profile, Hypertension, and Diabetes on Saphenous Vein and Internal Mammary Artery Endothelial Relaxation in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Muir, Andrew D; McKeown, Pascal; Bayraktutan, Ulvi

doi:10.4161/oxim.3.3.11757

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…Although smoking behavior is slightly different between men and women 48 , there were no gender differences in our data. We observed a strong negative correlation between age and CSF, being that the middle-aged adults had a worse CSF than young adults (Fig.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Fernandes

Almeida

Santos

2017

Sci Rep

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Cigarette smoke is a complex chemical mixture, involving health-damaging components such as carbon monoxide, ammonia, pyridine, toluene and nicotine. While cognitive functions have been well documented in heavy smokers, spatial vision has been less characterized. In the article, we investigated smoking effects through contrast sensitivity function (CSF), a rigorous procedure that measures the spatial vision. Data were recorded from 48 participants, a group of non-smokers (n = 16), a group of chronic and heavy cigarette smokers (n = 16) and deprived smokers (n = 16); age range 20–45 years. Sinewave gratings with spatial frequencies ranging from 0.25 to 20 cycles per degree were used. All subjects were free from any neurological disorder, identifiable ocular disease and had normal acuity. No abnormalities were detected in the fundoscopic examination and in the optical coherence tomography exam. Contrary to expectations, performance on CSF differed between groups. Both smokers and deprived smokers presented a loss of contrast sensitivity compared to non-smokers. Post-hoc analyses suggest that deprived smokers were less sensitive at all spatial frequencies. These results suggest that not only chronic exposure to cigarette compounds but also withdrawal from nicotine affected spatial vision. This highlights the importance of understanding diffuse effects of smoking compounds on visual spatial processing.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Fernandes

Almeida

Santos

2017

Sci Rep

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“…Although the flow was higher in non-smokers, it did not reach a significant level. There are studies which show a poor response to relaxation of the IMA segment harvested in smokers [ 17 ]. There are also studies showing reduced peripheral microvascular responses to endothelial and smooth muscle cell stimulation and showed a generalized microvascular vasomotor dysfunction in smokers [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Internal Mammary Artery Flow with Different Comorbidities and Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Complications

Dar

Bilal

et al. 2017

Cureus

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ObjectiveThe internal mammary artery (IMA) is commonly used arterial graft for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). The IMA has a better patency and survival. This study considers different comorbidities and conditions where IMA flow may be low. Therefore, the main objective is to determine the flow of IMA in different diseases, its relation to gender, age, and in different blood groups in order to prevent possible complications.MethodsA prospective study was conducted at the Cardiac Surgery Unit, Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2013 to December 2015. The data of 158 patients who underwent primary, isolated, and CABG surgery was collected. Free flow of IMA was measured immediately after harvesting for 30 seconds within a syringe, and its relationship with different diseases and conditions was examined. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from the patients' medical record files and it was later analyzed and entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, V17 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY).ResultsThe mean flow was 11.6 ± 9.6 ml. There was no difference in flow related to gender, diabetes, smoking, renal disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There was significantly higher flow in the age group of 50 to 60 years (p = 0.002), hypertensive patients (p = 0.016), patients with liver disease (p = 0.001), BMI > 30 (p = 0.041), and the blood group AB+ (p = 0.02). The atrial fibrillation and readmissions were higher in patients who had low flow. Low flow IMA, which was used on left anterior descending (LAD) artery stenosis patients, showed a significantly higher need of pharmacological and mechanical support.ConclusionIMA should be used carefully in patients where its flow is low; conditions must be analyzed where flow may be low to avoid complications. Further studies are warranted.

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“…As presented in Table 1 , IMA rings were obtained from a range of patients undergoing CABG surgery due to various cardiovascular diseases. Although most of the associated risk factors have been shown not to affect endothelium-dependent contractile responses of the arteries from these patients, 20 and both endothelium and smooth muscle are affected by risk factors, we chose to use endothelium-independent relaxation protocols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effects of sodium nitroprusside and leptin on norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in human internal mammary artery : cardiovascular topic

Burma

Ozcan

Kacar

et al. 2015

CVJA

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SummaryAimThe biological and pharmacological properties of vessels used in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are as important as their mechanical properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanisms in leptin-induced relaxation in the human internal mammary artery (IMA).MethodsIMA rings, obtained from patients undergoing CABG surgery, were suspended in isolated tissue baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, which were continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37°C.ResultsThe IMA rings were pre-contracted with increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE 10-9–10-4 mol/l) and the relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitrosovasodilator, and leptin were studied in the presence and absence of a PKC inhibitor. Leptin (1 μM) caused a dose-dependent relaxation in NE pre-contracted IMA rings. Pre-treatment with a PKC inhibitor significantly attenuated this vasorelaxatory response to leptin in human isolated IMA.ConclusionIt was found that SNP and leptin caused significant relaxation of the NE pre-contracted human IMA rings, and PKC was probably the sub-cellular mediator for this effect. Our findings may have clinical or pharmacological importance as it could be hypothesised that obese subjects who have a left IMA bypass graft would have better myocardial perfusion.

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Role of Gender, Smoking Profile, Hypertension, and Diabetes on Saphenous Vein and Internal Mammary Artery Endothelial Relaxation in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Effects of smoking and smoking abstinence on spatial vision in chronic heavy smokers

Association of Internal Mammary Artery Flow with Different Comorbidities and Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Complications

In vitro effects of sodium nitroprusside and leptin on norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in human internal mammary artery : cardiovascular topic

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