Role of Fucoidan on the Growth Behavior and Blood Metabolites and Toxic Effects of Atrazine in Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Abstract

Waterborne herbicides are stressful agents that threaten the productivity and safety of finfish species. In this study, the toxicity impacts of atrazine (ATZ) and the protective role of fucoidan were investigated on the health performance of Nile tilapia. For 40 days, the total number of 180 Nile tilapia was assigned in four groups (triplicates, 15 fish/replicate), where the first (control) and third groups were offered the control diet, while the second and fourth groups were offered a fucoidan (FCN). Further, in the third and fourth groups, the water was mixed with atrazine (ATZ) at 1.39 mg/L daily. The growth rate, FCR, and survival rate were markedly enhanced by fucoidan but severely declined by ATZ exposure (p < 0.05). The morphological structure of the intestine in the control fish revealed normal structure, while fucoidan-treated groups showed eminent enhancement and branching of the intestinal villi. The intestine of ATZ-treated fish revealed deterioration and the intestinal mucosa, inflammatory cell infiltration, and separation of lining epithelium. The highest Hb, PCV, RBCs, WBCs, total protein, and albumin were observed in Nile tilapia fed fucoidan, but the worst values were seen in ATZ-intoxicated fish (p < 0.05). The liver-related enzymes (ALT and AST) and kidney function (urea and creatinine) showed impaired values by ATZ toxicity and were regulated by dietary fucoidan. Meanwhile, fish fed fucoidan and exposed to ATZ had lower total cholesterol and triglyceride values than fish exposed to ATZ without fucoidan feeding (p < 0.05). The SOD, CAT, GPx, cortisol, and glucose levels were increased in ATZ-exposed fish and reduced by fucoidan (p < 0.05). However, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced in fucoidan-fed fish and increased in ATZ-exposed fish (p < 0.05). Altogether, dietary fucoidan is required in fish diets to alleviate the impacts of ATZ-induced toxicity.

Dietary Supplementation of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) With Panax ginseng Essential Oil: Positive Impact on Animal Health and Productive Performance, and Mitigating Effects on Atrazine- Induced Toxicity

“…Indeed, it is well known that the indiscriminate, frequent and incautious use of herbicides, and/or their accidental discharge from the unhygienically treated effluents into the water flow may reach the aquatic organisms and induce harmful effects, with a longterm negative impact on the surrounding environment . It has been observed that the 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of ATZ varies greatly among different fish species, ranging from 3 to 100 mg/L (Solomon et al, 2008) and its exposure was able to induce various signs of toxicity in the African catfish (Michael et al, 2018), the Channa Punctatus (Nwani et al, 2010), the snow trout (Schizothorax plagiostomus) (Akhtar et al, 2021), the zebrafish (Danio rerio) , the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Neskovic et al, 1993;Paulino et al, 2012;Xing et al, 2013;Blahova et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2019), the Prochilodus lineatus (Santos and Martinez, 2012), and also in the Nile tilapia (Neamat Allah et al, 2020;Abdel-Warith et al, 2021;Ali et al, 2022).…”

Effects of Dietary Fucoidan Supplementation on Serum Biochemical Parameters, Small Intestinal Barrier Function, and Cecal Microbiota of Weaned Goat Kids

“…Our results have shown that dietary fucoidan administration reduced the content of GLU but increased the content of TP. Similarly, Abdel et al [ 36 ] reported that dietary fucoidan protected Nile tilapia from the toxicity of waterborne atrazine and increased the content of TP in the serum. In summary, dietary fucoidan does not adversely affect the liver or kidneys of goat kids.…”

The optimized inclusion level of Bacillus subtilis fermented Azolla pinnata in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets: immunity, antioxidative status, intestinal digestive enzymes and histomorphometry, and disease resistance

“…The histomorphometry in the current work supported the upgrading effect of BSFA, as previously mentioned. Intestinal morphometric analysis is a critical method for determining the impact of dietary supplements on the fish intestine’s absorption capacity, as well as local intestinal immunity, which reflects the fish’s overall immune condition (Abdel-Warith et al 2021 ; Haygood and Jha 2018 ; Dawood et al 2020 ). In addition, the incorporation of immune cells within the tissues of the fish gut plays a role in immunity (Gewaily et al 2021b ).…”