Role of Frontostriatal Connectivity in Adolescents With Excessive Smartphone Use

Chun, Ji Won; Choi, Jihye; Cho, Hyun; Choi, Mi Ran; Ahn, Kook Jin; Choi, Jung Seok; Kim, Daijin

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00437

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…As to IA, multiple studies attempting to elucidate the pathological mechanism of IA have converged on the abnormalities of the DLPFC and cingulate cortex (49, 50). Higher Regional homogeneity (ReHo) values in the DLPFC and cingulate cortex have been revealed, reflecting the enhanced synchronization between the DLPFC, and cingulate cortex in individuals with IA (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Cognitive Control Network, Default Mode Network, and Visual Attention Network in Internet Addiction: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Wang

Qin

et al. 2019

Front. Neurol.

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Internet addiction (IA) has become a global mental and social problem, which may lead to a series of psychiatric symptoms including uncontrolled use of internet, and lack of concentration. However, the exact pathophysiology of IA remains unclear. Most of functional connectivity studies were based on pre-selected regions of interest (ROI), which could not provide a comprehensive picture of the communication abnormalities in IA, and might lead to limited or bias observations. Using local functional connectivity density (lFCD), this study aimed to explore the whole-brain abnormalities of functional connectivity in IA. We evaluated the whole-brain lFCD resulting from resting-state fMRI data in 28 IA individuals and 30 demographically matched healthy control subjects (HCs). The correlations between clinical characteristics and aberrant lFCD were also assessed. Compared with HCs, subjects with IA exhibited heightened lFCD values in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), and cerebellum, and the bilateral middle cingulate cortex (MCC) and superior temporal pole (STP), as well as decreased lFCD values in the right inferior parietal lobe (IPL), and bilateral calcarine and lingual gyrus. Voxel-based correlation analysis revealed the significant correlations between the Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) score and altered lFCD values in the left PHG and bilateral STP. These findings revealed the hyper-connectivity in cognitive control network and default mode network as well as the hypo-connectivity in visual attention network, verifying the common mechanism in IA and substance addiction, and the underlying association between IA, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in terms of neurobiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Cognitive Control Network, Default Mode Network, and Visual Attention Network in Internet Addiction: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Wang

Qin

et al. 2019

Front. Neurol.

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“…Particularly, cortisol is believed to have a role in habit formation (Fournier et al 2017). To our knowledge, there have been only a few studies (Chun et al 2018;Hunter et al 2018) that investigated the relationship between life habits, that are related to smartphone use and sleep, and corti-sol levels in adolescents, even though the lifestyle and hormone levels are dramatically changed in growth and development during puberty (Benyi and Savendahl 2017). Because cortisol is a primary mediator between psychosocial stress and health (McEwen 2000), serum cortisol (SC) levels in junior high school students appear to reflect the extent of their health and well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Serum Cortisol Levels as a Potential Indicator for Changes in Well-Regulated Daily Life among Junior High School Students

Inoue

Hashioka

Takeshita

et al. 2019

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Problematic smartphone use among adolescents has become a social concern and is associated with poor sleep quality. The relationship between life habits, such as smartphone use and sleep duration, and levels of immunological and neuroendocrine biomarkers, including the stress hormone cortisol, in adolescents seems to be important to objectively comprehend their health and well-being in school life. However, such a relationship has not been well documented. We therefore studied rural junior high school students in Japan to elucidate the relationship between serum cortisol (SC) levels and their life habits. A total of 155 students in the seventh grade in 2016 were recruited as subjects. Of them, 140 students with eligible responses and blood samples (12-13 years; 80 boys, 60 girls) were finally included in the study (response rate 90.3%). A questionnaire survey concerning wake-up time, sleep duration, and the length of time using a smartphone per day was conducted. Blood samples were collected from peripheral veins of participants under fasting conditions between 8:30 and 11:00 a.m. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients were as follows: between SC and wake-up time, 0.199 (p = 0.018); between SC and sleep duration, 0.185 (p = 0.029); and between SC and time spent on smartphones, 0.172 (p = 0.042). The multiple regression analysis showed that high SC levels were significantly associated with late wake-up time and with short sleep duration. We therefore propose that measuring SC levels is useful for early detection of the change in the well-regulated daily life among junior high school students.

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“…Functional MRI has allowed researchers to explore the neurobiological response to smartphone use. Areas of the brain that are responsible for affective signals of reward, including interconnectivity between the nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex, have been associated with problematic smartphone use [54]. In addition to these neurobiological effects, nighttime smartphone use may underlie sleep loss, which is an important predictor of mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, as well as general cognitive effects [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A brief intervention to reduce burnout and improve sleep quality in medical students

2020

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Background Perceived stress, burnout, and poor sleep quality are high among medical students. Interventions designed to target these issues are necessary to promote the health and well-being of medical students. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to assess the feasibility of implementing a sunrise alarm clock intervention with medical students and 2) to evaluate the impact of the intervention on perceived stress, burnout scores, and sleep quality. Methods We conducted a feasibility study to evaluate the efficacy of a two-week, sunrise alarm clock intervention in combination with electronic device removal at bedtime. We assessed first- and second-year medical students’ perceived stress, burnout scores, including Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Low Sense of Personal Achievement, and sleep quality before and after the intervention. In addition, we measured smartphone addiction prior to the intervention. Results A total of 57 students consented to participate, of which 55 completed both the pre- and post-assessments (3.5% attrition). The mean age of the participants was 24.8 ± 1.9 years, 50.9% (n = 29) identified as women, and 68.4% (n = 39) identified as white. Pre-intervention, 42.1% (n = 24) of students met criteria for smartphone addiction and 77.2% (n = 44) met criteria for poor sleep quality. In addition, 22.8% (n = 13) of participants had high emotional exhaustion, 64.9% (n = 31) high depersonalization, and 42.1% (n = 24) low sense of personal accomplishment prior to the intervention. Following the two-week intervention, participants showed improvements in emotional exhaustion (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.353), depersonalization (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.411) low sense of personal accomplishment (p = 0.023, Cohen’s d = 0.275), perceived stress (p < .001, Cohen’s d = .334), and sleep quality (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.925). The number of participants who reported poor sleep quality decreased to 41.8% (n = 23), demonstrating a significant decline (p = 0.026). Participants also improved subjective sleep quality (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 1.033), sleep duration (p = 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.431), sleep latency (p < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.433), and sleep efficiency (p = 0.021, Cohen’s d = 0.673). Conclusions These findings suggest that the two-week sunrise alarm clock protocol with electronic device removal was effective in improving sleep quality and reducing burnout scores, and perceived stress. However, additional research comparing this intervention to a proper control group is needed to draw meaningful conclusions about the effectiveness of this intervention.

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Role of Frontostriatal Connectivity in Adolescents With Excessive Smartphone Use

Cited by 42 publications

References 72 publications

Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Cognitive Control Network, Default Mode Network, and Visual Attention Network in Internet Addiction: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Abnormal Functional Connectivity in Cognitive Control Network, Default Mode Network, and Visual Attention Network in Internet Addiction: A Resting-State fMRI Study

High Serum Cortisol Levels as a Potential Indicator for Changes in Well-Regulated Daily Life among Junior High School Students

A brief intervention to reduce burnout and improve sleep quality in medical students

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