Role of folic acid in chlorpyrifos induced teratogenicity in mice

Abstract

Folic acid is known to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects, in animal experiments however, it has not been effective in reducing the congenital anomalies caused by antiepileptics and many other chemicals. Pesticides of organophosphate group such as chlorpyrifos are widely used in agriculture and household, and are shown to be teratogenic in animal studies. This study was designed to explore the effect of folic acid on chlorpyrifos induced teratogenicity. Pregnant mice were divided into groups of 8 animals each, and were exposed to oral dose of chlorpyrifos and/or folic acid on gestation days (GD) 6 and 7 or GD 1 to 15. Fetuses were recovered on 15 th day of gestation. On morphological and morphometeric examination it was found that chlorpyrifos is teratogenic to mice fetuses in an oral dose of 100 ug/gbw when given on GD 6 and 7. It was embryo toxic and caused growth retardation and morphological anomalies of skull, body curvature, skin, limbs, eyes and ears. Folic acid in a dose of 2 ug/gbw, when given at the time of chlorpyrifos exposure (GD 6 and 7), lead to significant improvement in crown-rump (CR) length and weight of fetuses, reduction in the number of resorptions and frequency of anomalies. However the CR length and weight of fetuses given folic acid and chlorpyrifos were significantly less than the control. There was no additional benefit of giving folic acid in the same dose from GD1 to 15. Thus this study was aimed at confirming the teratogenic potential of cholorpyrifos in mice and assessing the role of folic acid in the prevention of teratogenesis induced by chlorpyrifos.

The protective effect of folic acid against valproate-induced neurological and skeletal congenital anomalies in mice

“…In the present study, the protective effects of FA against the congenital skeletal malformations induced by VPA were in correlation with previous results detected that, FA supplementation during early pregnancy successfully reduces the prevalence of limb reduction defects [19], rescues craniofacial skeletal malformations such as facial cleft and palatine cleft through inhibition of the teratogens-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress [36]. According to previous studies, the ameliorative effects of FA against the VPAinduced vertebral column and ribs malformations were attributable to its potency to improve the osteogenesis and mineralization in the developing vertebrae and ribs [37].…”

“…The numbers of total, living and dead fetuses were calculated. The live fetuses were weighed in grams for determination of the mean fetal body weight of the three groups and examined for structural malformations [19]. The findings were calculated and processed for statistical analysis.…”