Role of electronegative LDL and its associated antibodies in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Faulin, Tanize do Espirito Santo; Cavalcante, Marcela Frota; Abdalla, Dulcinéia Saes Parra

doi:10.2217/clp.10.52

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…LDL particles can be modified by oxidation, glycation, nitration, carbamylation or other reactions to different degrees; however, the most studied modified LDL isoform is oxidized LDL (oxLDL). 12 Our study revealed there were 90.9% men and 87% women with increased LDL-C (≥100 mg/dl), presumably high concentration of circulating oxLDL too. The serum concentration of oxLDL is known to be elevated in stable coronary artery disease and became even higher in acute coronary syndrome (ACS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Because low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major cholesterol carrier in humans, it is assumed that LDL is predominant contributor to plaque cholesterol. 12,13 LDL cholesterols vary greatly in size, composition and structure, however, in general, they are comprised of spherical particles (22 nm in diameter) and surrounded by monolayer of phospholipids and unesterified cholesterol in which a single molecule of apoB is located. Modifications in the native LDL-C are capable of inducing aggregation and fusion of articles for the initiation of lipid accumulation in arterial intima.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The epidemiological studies have also revealed that a higher apoB/apoA-I ratio indicates a higher cardiovascular risk. 5,12,16 A study by Lu et al 17 in 2011 presented that apoB and apoA-I were simple clinical indicators, and the apoB/apoA-I ratio was closely related with CVD, especially in overweight and obese patients. The apoB/ apoA-I ratio may provide some useful information in the differential diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apolipoproten B, LDL Cholesterol and apoB/apoA-I Ratio in Patients With Stable Angina

Handayani

Sargowo

2017

IJC

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Aim: To acknowledge the nature of correlation between apolipoprotein B concentrations and LDL cholesterol levels in patients with stable angina pectoris and also to show that the ratio of apoB/apoA-I may be a promising predictor for the risk of cardiovascular disease.Methods: This is an observational study with cross-sectional approach of 34 patients with stable angina pectoris. Prior to the study, patients were advised to fast for 10-12 hours and must complete the informed consent. Patients underwent physical examination and anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist circumference), blood test, and ECG check.Results: From 34 patients, the prevalence of high levels of total cholesterol (>200 mg/dl) in men and women are 45.5% and 47.8%, respectively; and 90.9% men and 87% women with increased LDL-C (?100 mg/dl). Low value of apoA-I was determined in 5 men (45.5%) and 4 women (17.4%); and high value of apoB was found in 7 men (63.6%) and 11 women (47.8%), whereas 13 subjects with unfavorable apoB/apoA-I ratio. Six subjects had low levels of apoA-I along with high levels of apoB. ApoB/apoA-I ratio above 0.9 was found in 6 or 11 men (54.5%) and 7 of 23 women (30.4%).Conclusion: We found that in 34 patients with stable angina, 18 of them (52.9%) showed high plasma apoB concentration. This is parallel to 30 subjects (88.2%) with high LDL cholesterol levels, and also 13 subjects (38.2%) with high apoB/apoA-I ratio. It can be concluded the higher the ratio of apoB to apoA-I, the greater the risk of cardiovascular disease. Lifestyle management and pharmacological intervention in dyslipidemia is important in reduction of cardiovascular events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apolipoproten B, LDL Cholesterol and apoB/apoA-I Ratio in Patients With Stable Angina

Handayani

Sargowo

2017

IJC

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“…The involvement of TLRs in the biological effects of LDL(−) had been suggested [87] and recently demonstrated [16]. TLRs are immune response receptors against pathogens, which are related to atherosclerosis [88].…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Involved In Ldl(−) Effect On Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation

Estruch

Sánchez-Quesada

Llanos

et al. 2013

Mediators of Inflammation

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Electronegative low density lipoprotein (LDL(−)) is a minor modified fraction of LDL found in blood. It comprises a heterogeneous population of LDL particles modified by various mechanisms sharing as a common feature increased electronegativity. Modification by oxidation is one of these mechanisms. LDL(−) has inflammatory properties similar to those of oxidized LDL (oxLDL), such as inflammatory cytokine release in leukocytes and endothelial cells. However, in contrast with oxLDL, LDL(−) also has some anti-inflammatory effects on cultured cells. The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties ascribed to LDL(−) suggest that it could have a dual biological effect.

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“…16 Macrophages retained in the vascular wall accumulate large amounts of modified LDL and become foam cells. 17 Moreover, macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and participate in functions that integrate the innate and adaptive immune responses during atherosclerosis, including expression of scavenger receptors, such as CD36, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as TLR-4.…”

Section: Cloning and Expression Of An Anti-ldl(-) Single-chain Variabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and expression of an anti-LDL(-) single-chain variable fragment, and its inhibitory effect on experimental atherosclerosis

Kazuma

Cavalcante

Telles

et al. 2013

mAbs

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Role of electronegative LDL and its associated antibodies in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Cited by 9 publications

References 113 publications

Apolipoproten B, LDL Cholesterol and apoB/apoA-I Ratio in Patients With Stable Angina

Apolipoproten B, LDL Cholesterol and apoB/apoA-I Ratio in Patients With Stable Angina

Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation

Cloning and expression of an anti-LDL(-) single-chain variable fragment, and its inhibitory effect on experimental atherosclerosis

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