Role of dietary lignans in the reduction of breast cancer risk

Saarinen, Niina M.; Wärri, Anni; Airio, Maarit; Smeds, Annika; Mäkelä, Sari

doi:10.1002/mnfr.200600240

Cited by 114 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…One of the mechanisms of action may be greater sex hormone-binding globulin production and binding of free oestradiol (Adlercreutz et al, 1989(Adlercreutz et al, , 1992Zeleniuch-Jacquotte et al, 2004;Low et al, 2007). Binding of type II nuclear oestrogen receptor (Adlercreutz et al, 1992;Adlercreutz, 2007) and altering oestrogen synthesis within the breast cells and extragonadal sites, such as the adipose tissue, are other possible mechanisms (Adlercreutz et al, 1993;Saarinen et al, 2007). Enterolactone has been shown to decrease local oestrogen production by inhibiting 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I and aromatase (Wang et al, 1994;Brooks and Thompson, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignans and breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women: meta-analyses of observational studies

et al. 2009

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Phyto-oestrogens are plant compounds structurally similar to oestradiol, which have been proposed to have protective effects against breast cancer. The main class of phyto-oestrogens in the Western diet is lignans. Literature reports on the effect of lignans in breast cancer risk have been conflicting. We performed three separate meta-analyses to examine the relationships between (i) plant lignan intake, (ii) enterolignan exposure and (iii) blood enterolactone levels and breast cancer risk. Medline, BIOSIS and EMBASE databases were searched for publications up to 30 September 2008, and 23 studies were included in the random effects meta-analyses. Overall, there was little association between high plant lignan intake and breast cancer risk (11 studies, combined odds ratio (OR): 0.93, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.83 -1.03, P ¼ 0.15), but this association was subjected to marked heterogeneity (I 2 ¼ 44%). Restricting the analysis to post-menopausal women, high levels of plant lignan intake were associated with reduced breast cancer risk (7 studies, combined OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.93, Po0.001) and heterogeneity was markedly reduced (I 2 ¼ 0%). High enterolignan exposure was also associated with breast cancer (5 studies, combined OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.92, P ¼ 0.009) but, again, there was marked heterogeneity (I 2 ¼ 63%). No association was found with blood enterolactone levels (combined OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59 -1.14, P ¼ 0.24). In conclusion, plant lignans may be associated with a small reduction in post-menopausal breast cancer risk, but further studies are required to confirm these results. (Beral, 2003) have both been associated with increased breast cancer risk. Isoflavones and lignans are plant compounds structurally similar to 17b-oestrodiol known as phyto-oestrogens, capable of oestrogen receptor binding (Kuiper et al, 1998;Mueller et al, 2004). Isoflavones are mostly found in soybean products, which are a staple of the Asian diet, whereas lignans are the principal group of phyto-oestrogens in Western diets. Lignans are more widespread in foods than isoflavones and are present in grain cereals, vegetables, seeds, tea and coffee (Mazur, 1998a;Mazur et al, 1998b). Microflora in the colon (Setchell et al, 1981) convert plant lignans into enterolignans, which are detectable in blood and urine. Their levels have been correlated with the amount of plant lignans ingested (Nesbitt et al, 1999).In a recent meta-analysis, an inverse dose-response relationship was shown between breast cancer risk and soy-food intake in Asian, but not in Western women (Wu et al, 2008). Lignans have been shown to exhibit anti-carcinogenic properties (Wang et al, 1994;Prasad 2000;Bergman Jungeström et al, 2007), and it is hypothesised that exposure to high levels may be associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk. However, results from a number of studies in Western populations have been variable. The aim of our systematic review was to establish whether an association exists between lignan exposure and breast cancer ris...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignans and breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women: meta-analyses of observational studies

et al. 2009

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“…Lignin, due to its phytoestrogenic effect, is shown to prevent estrogen related cancer; such as, breast cancer, prostate cancer [60] and endometrial cancer [34]. This is explained by some of the ingested plant lignans, which are converted by intestinal microbiota to enterolignans, enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), which has been thought to be the major biologically active lignan, and suggested to be associated with low risk of mammary cancer [61] [62]. Flaxseed (FS), rich in the phytoestrogen, α-linolenic acid, and oil of lignin; secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside (SDG), which after ingestion, is converted to secoisolariciresinol that is further metabolised to the mammalian lignansenterodiol and enterolactone provide indirect protection against cancer [62].…”

Section: Insoluble Fiber; Lignin Role In Cancer Development Mechanismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Soluble, Insoluble Fibers and Their Bioactive Compounds in Cancer: A Mini Review

Papandreou¹,

Noor²,

Rashed³

2015

FNS

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The cancer incidence has risen dramatically over the last decades. About 8 million people died globally according to latest reports, which represented almost 40% more than it was 20 years ago. Risk factors for the development of cancer have been found to include smoking, alcohol, drugs, obesity and diet. Fiber intake has shown to exhibit chemoprotective effects on cancer proliferation and metastasis that may seem to be very promising. This article will review the role of different types of fiber such as, cellulose, lignin, pectin and inulin in development and prevention of different types of cancers. This article would also discuss the effectiveness of both types of fiber in cancer prevention.

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“…These lignans are known for their beneficial biological activities, including antioxidative, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-tumor effects (Heinonen et al 2001, Milder et al 2005, Milder et al 2006, Saarinen et al, 2007. Schmitt and Petersen (2002) reported a high level of pinoresinol accumulation in Fi leaves and cell culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The construction of transgenic <i>Forsythia</i> plants: comparative study of three <i>Forsythia</i> species

Morimoto

Ono

Kim

et al. 2011

Plant Biotechnology

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Role of dietary lignans in the reduction of breast cancer risk

Cited by 114 publications

References 66 publications

Lignans and breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women: meta-analyses of observational studies

Lignans and breast cancer risk in pre- and post-menopausal women: meta-analyses of observational studies

The Role of Soluble, Insoluble Fibers and Their Bioactive Compounds in Cancer: A Mini Review

The construction of transgenic <i>Forsythia</i> plants: comparative study of three <i>Forsythia</i> species

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