Role of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid in broiler chickens raised under high stocking density

Jeong, Su-Been; Kim, Yoo-Bhin; Lee, Jeong-Woo; Kim, Da‐Hye; Moon, Byung-Hern; Chang, Hyuk Won; Choi, Yang-Ho; Lee, Kyung-Woo

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2020.03.008

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…The present study clearly showed that the serum concentration of albumin is higher in chicks raised at a high stocking density than in those reared at a low stocking density. Similar to our findings, Nwaigwe et al (2020) and Jeong et al (2020) revealed that serum albumin concentrations increase in broilers reared at a high stocking density. Indeed, an increase in serum albumin level is a good indicator of physiological stress in broiler chickens (Nwaigwe et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broilers at high stocking density

Agusetyaningsih

Widiastuti

Wahyuni

et al. 2022

Annals of Animal Science

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broiler chickens raised at a high stocking density. After 15 days of rearing, 370 Lohmann broiler chicks were assigned to five treatment groups, including T0 (chicks were raised at a density of 10 birds/m2 and received no additive), T1 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received no additive), T2 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 0.5 g/kg encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract), T3 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 1.0 g/kg additive), and T4 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds/m2 and received 1.5 g/kg additive). On days 28 and 42, blood samples from two chicks per pen were collected. On day 42, the chicks that had been blood-sampled were sacrificed, and blood samples and lymphoid organs (i.e., bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus) were collected. The daily weight gain and feed efficiency of broilers (P < 0.01) in groups T2 and T3 were higher than those of broilers in groups T0, T1, and T4. Daily feed intake was greater (P < 0.01) in groups T0 and T1 than in groups T2 and T3. The erythrocyte content and hematocrit value of groups T1, T2, T3, and T4 were greater (P < 0.05) than those of group T0. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in group T4 was lower (P < 0.05) than that in groups T0, T1, and T2. Leukocyte and lymphocyte levels were higher in group T1 (P < 0.05) than in other groups. Serum albumin was higher in chicks reared at a high density (P < 0.05) than in chicks reared at a normal density. Lesion scores were higher in group T1 (P < 0.05) than in other groups. Chicks in groups T1 and T2 showed more severe pathological changes in their bursa of Fabricius compared with those in groups T0, T3, and T4. Serum superoxide dismutase was higher in groups T2, T3, and T4 (P < 0.05) than in groups T0 and T1. Chicks in group T4 had higher (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde levels than chicks in other groups. In conclusion, a high stocking density influences the metabolic rate and physiological conditions of broiler chicks, as reflected by alterations in the blood profiles of the animals. Stress due to a high stocking density could damage the bursa of Fabricius, but feeding with encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract, especially at a rate of 1.5 g/kg, could alleviate the cortical and lymphocyte cell depletion of broilers. Regardless of the stocking density effect, dietary supplementation with encapsulated C. caudatus leaf extract at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg could improve the daily weight gain of broilers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broilers at high stocking density

Agusetyaningsih

Widiastuti

Wahyuni

et al. 2022

Annals of Animal Science

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“…In another study, the addition of nicotinamide (50 and 100 mg/kg) and sodium butyrate (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) to the diets of broilers raised at high stocking density (18.6 birds/m 2 ) improved the meat quality (Wu et al, 2020 b). Jeong et al (2020) reported that the supplementation of 100 mg/kg of gamma-amino butyric acid to broiler diets housed at high stocking density (15 birds/m 2 ) could not prevent poor performance, but it had positive effects on corticosterone and the heterophile:lymphocyte ratio.…”

Section: Apitherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of nutrition in alleviating high stocking density stress in poultry - A Review

Gül

Yıldız

Olgun

2022

Annals of Animal Science

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In recent decades, the number of birds reared per unit area has dramatically spiked to increase profitability in egg and meat production. However, nowadays, the increase in sensitivity to animal welfare and consumer demands brings along with it a raised interest in stocking density. Stocking density is defined either as the number of animals or body weight per unit area or as the area per animal. High stocking density, which is a stress factor, can be defined as an increase in the number of animals per unit area or a decrease in the area per animal. Stress caused by high stocking density negatively affects the bird’s physiology and performance as well as the quality of the product obtained. The ideal stocking density should be 9 laying hens, 35 kilogrammes for broilers, and 45 quails per square metre. Otherwise, one will observe stress indicators in birds reared in more than the recommended stocking density per unit area and, consequently, a decrease in bird growth, egg production, feed efficiency, and egg or meat quality. Apart from increasing the concentrations of amino acids such as lysine, methionine, tryptophan and arginine, minerals such as selenium and chromium, and vitamins such as C and E in the diet, the addition of additives such as probiotics, humates, phytophenol compounds, and propolis is also effective in reducing or eliminating these negative effects caused by high stocking density. As a result, regulations in the nutrition of animals are effective in reducing/preventing such negative effects, thus improving animal welfare and ensuring the maintenance of optimum yield.

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“…The recent increase in the domestic market hence encourages the farmers to intensify the rearing system of the ICC. In intensive broiler production, increasing the stocking density has commonly been practiced to decrease the production cost per house and to achieve higher profits (Jeong et al, 2020). Indeed, the rearing under high stocking density has also been ap-plied for Thai crossbred chickens (Huo & Na-Lampang, 2016) as well as for indigenous chickens (Jobe et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the rearing under high stocking density has also been ap-plied for Thai crossbred chickens (Huo & Na-Lampang, 2016) as well as for indigenous chickens (Jobe et al, 2019). Apart from the resource efficiency concern, rearing the chicks under high stocking density may, however, lead to a stress condition causing oxidative stress, lowered final body weight, and health problems (Jobe et al, 2019;Jeong et al, 2020;Magnuson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performances of Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Papaya Leaf and Seed Powder at High Stocking Density

Sugiharto

Yudiarti

Widiastuti

et al. 2021

Trop. Anim. Sci. J.

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The study evaluated the influence of fermented papaya leaf and seed powder (FPLS) and/or multienzymes on the growth, physiology, antioxidant, and gut ecology of the Indonesian crossbred chicken (ICC) at high stocking density. Three hundred and seventy ICC were randomly allotted to LSD (chicks fed conventional feed at low stocking density), HSD (chicks fed conventional feed at high stocking density), HSD+mE (chicks fed conventional feed plus multienzyme at high stocking density), HSD+FPLS (chicks fed FPLS at high stocking density) and HSD+FPLS+mE (chicks fed FPLS plus multienzyme at high stocking density). Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly. Two ICC were taken from each pen ( 10chicks per treatment group) at week 10 for sampling. The study was arranged based on a completely randomized design with five treatment groups, each consisted of five replicates. Except for performance, analysis of variance was conducted on two chicks from each replicate (10 chicks per treatment group). Chicks in LSD consumed more (p<0.05) feed and had a higher (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio. Platelet distribution width (PDW) was lower (p<0.05) in HSD, HSD+FPLS, and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks than in LSD chicks. Lymphocyte counts were lower (p<0.05) in HSD relative to HSD+mE chicks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher (p<0.05) in HSD and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks than in LSD, HSD+mE, and HSD+FPLS chicks. High-density lipoprotein was smaller (p<0.05) in HSD+mE chicks than in LSD, HSD, and HSD+FPLS chicks. Compared to the other treatment groups of chicks, HSD+FPLS chicks had a lower (p<0.05) albumin level. Creatinine level was lower (p<0.05) in HSD chicks than in the other group of chicks. Enterobacteriaceae counts were lower (p<0.05) in HSD+FPLS cecal content of chicks than in LSD and HSD chicks. The redness values of breast meats were lower (p<0.05) in HSD+FPLS chicks than the chicks in HSD+mE and HSD+FPLS+mE dietary treatments. LSD chicks had higher (p<0.05) redness values of thigh meat than the other treatment groups of chicks. LSD chicks also had higher (p<0.05) yellowness values than HSD+mE and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks. In conclusion, high stocking density resulted in mild stress conditions, as was demonstrated by the increased SOD and decreased PDW and redness meat values. A combination of FPLS and multienzyme ameliorated the adverse influence of high stocking density in ICC.

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Role of dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid in broiler chickens raised under high stocking density

Cited by 25 publications

References 62 publications

Effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broilers at high stocking density

Effect of encapsulated Cosmos caudatus leaf extract on the physiological conditions, immune competency, and antioxidative status of broilers at high stocking density

The importance of nutrition in alleviating high stocking density stress in poultry - A Review

Performances of Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Papaya Leaf and Seed Powder at High Stocking Density

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