Performances of Crossbred Chickens Fed Fermented Papaya Leaf and Seed Powder at High Stocking Density

Abstract

The study evaluated the influence of fermented papaya leaf and seed powder (FPLS) and/or multienzymes on the growth, physiology, antioxidant, and gut ecology of the Indonesian crossbred chicken (ICC) at high stocking density. Three hundred and seventy ICC were randomly allotted to LSD (chicks fed conventional feed at low stocking density), HSD (chicks fed conventional feed at high stocking density), HSD+mE (chicks fed conventional feed plus multienzyme at high stocking density), HSD+FPLS (chicks fed FPLS at high stocking density) and HSD+FPLS+mE (chicks fed FPLS plus multienzyme at high stocking density). Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly. Two ICC were taken from each pen ( 10chicks per treatment group) at week 10 for sampling. The study was arranged based on a completely randomized design with five treatment groups, each consisted of five replicates. Except for performance, analysis of variance was conducted on two chicks from each replicate (10 chicks per treatment group). Chicks in LSD consumed more (p<0.05) feed and had a higher (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio. Platelet distribution width (PDW) was lower (p<0.05) in HSD, HSD+FPLS, and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks than in LSD chicks. Lymphocyte counts were lower (p<0.05) in HSD relative to HSD+mE chicks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was higher (p<0.05) in HSD and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks than in LSD, HSD+mE, and HSD+FPLS chicks. High-density lipoprotein was smaller (p<0.05) in HSD+mE chicks than in LSD, HSD, and HSD+FPLS chicks. Compared to the other treatment groups of chicks, HSD+FPLS chicks had a lower (p<0.05) albumin level. Creatinine level was lower (p<0.05) in HSD chicks than in the other group of chicks. Enterobacteriaceae counts were lower (p<0.05) in HSD+FPLS cecal content of chicks than in LSD and HSD chicks. The redness values of breast meats were lower (p<0.05) in HSD+FPLS chicks than the chicks in HSD+mE and HSD+FPLS+mE dietary treatments. LSD chicks had higher (p<0.05) redness values of thigh meat than the other treatment groups of chicks. LSD chicks also had higher (p<0.05) yellowness values than HSD+mE and HSD+FPLS+mE chicks. In conclusion, high stocking density resulted in mild stress conditions, as was demonstrated by the increased SOD and decreased PDW and redness meat values. A combination of FPLS and multienzyme ameliorated the adverse influence of high stocking density in ICC.

Combined use of Spirulina platensis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Implication on growth, blood profile and intestinal morphology and bacteria of the Indonesian crossbred chickens

“…The treatments had no significant effects on feed intake and FCR on week 9. In general, the ICC's final body weight in this study was consistent with Sugiharto et al (2021), who observed that the ICC's body weight at 10 weeks of age was roughly 868 g. In this study, dietary supplementation with S. platensis resulted in an increase in ICC's final body weight and body weight gain at week 9. This finding corroborated Khan et al (2020), in which supplementing broilers with S. platensis increased their growth performance.…”

The effect of using acidified turmeric on some productive parameters and intestinal bacterial counts in broilers at high stocking density pens

“…On the contrary, Li et al [ 2 ] discovered that stress caused by high stocking density decreased broiler SOD levels. The increased SOD levels in broilers housed in high-density pens appeared to represent a response of broilers to excessive free radical production in this investigation, which is consistent with Pimson et al [ 15 ] and Sugiharto et al [ 20 ]. In support of this inference, Magnuson et al [ 21 ] also revealed that high stocking density increased glutathione (potent nonenzymatic antioxidant) concentration in the plasma of chickens.…”

The effects of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf supplementation on growth performance, blood parameter, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens under high stocking density

“…According to Sugiharto et al [29], high stocking densities hinder the mobility of birds in a particular area, causing them to fight for access to feeders and drinkers. In addition, the reduction in growth performance in the HD class could be linked to a rise in temperature with a decrease in air circulation at the bird level [24].…”