Role of dialysable solutes in the mediation of uremic encephalopathy in the rat

Lipman, Jonathan J.; Lawrence, Patricia L.; DeBoer, David K.; Shoemaker, Michael O.; Sulser, Daniel; Tolchard, Stephen; Teschan, Paul E.

doi:10.1038/ki.1990.63

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Other properties of the drug include relatively weak a¦nities for 5-HT receptors as measured by radioligand binding to 5-HT 1 (A,B,C and D), 5-HT 2 , and 5-HT 3 subtypes (Lipman et al 1990). Peak plasma concentrations of paroxetine are achieved 28 h after oral administration, with an elimination half-life of 1020 h (Lund et al 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of sleep EEG microstructure in subchronic paroxetine treatment of healthy subjects

Röschke¹,

Kögel²,

Schlößer³

et al. 1997

Psychopharmacology

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Paroxetine is a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor and its efficacy for the treatment of depression has been proven. Under acute and subchronical treatment regimens, disturbances of the regular sleep pattern are a reported side effect of the drug. The present study was therefore performed to investigate the impact of subchronic treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine on the microstructure of the sleep EEG. The study especially addressed the question of subchronic effects of paroxetine medication (30 mg/day) in eight healthy male volunteers in a double blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Conventional sleep EEG parameters and a spectral power analysis for different sleep stages after 4 weeks of treatment were computed. Additionally, the correlation of certain EEG rhythms across the night was calculated in order to detect subtle dynamical EEG alterations, not necessarily obvious when regarding conventional EEG analysis. Although we could not detect any alterations of the spectral power values in certain frequency bands either during NREM nor during REM sleep following subchronic paroxetine medication, the dynamical EEG attributes across the night revealed a significant enhancement of the correlation between certain EEG rhythms mainly during NREM sleep.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of sleep EEG microstructure in subchronic paroxetine treatment of healthy subjects

Röschke¹,

Kögel²,

Schlößer³

et al. 1997

Psychopharmacology

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“…The HU Ringer was based on typical HD patient values and compares quite favorably with the data presented in table 3 . The RU Ringer, however, was based on typical plasma values for nephrectomized rats and a mock uremic dialysate, containing several solutes at uremic concentration, reported by Lipman et al [18] . Suspended isolated muscles were placed into the thermostatically controlled chambers at 38 ° C, that were fi lled with one of the above Ringer solutions and continuously oxygenated with a mixture of 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 (pH 7.4).…”

Section: Incubation Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uremic Environment and Muscle Dysfunction in Man and Rat

Harrison¹,

Nielsen²,

Eidemak³

et al. 2006

Nephron Physiol

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Background: Patients reaching end-stage renal disease experience debilitating fatigue, with progression of this disease, rendering patients dysfunctional in their everyday lives. Methods: In vivomeasurements of muscle function, assessed using surface electromyography (EMG), were made on 25 patients prior to and after a session of hemodialysis (HD) treatment, alongsidein vitro measurements of muscle function in isolated rat muscles incubated in normal or uremic conditions approximating to those found in uremic rats (rat uremic: RU) or uremic humans (human uremic: HU). Results: HD significantly affected plasma values, e.g. reducing urea (69%), creatinine (62%), potassium (23%) and phosphate (48%) concentrations in patients (all p < 0.01). Treatment also improved the EMG frequency of 2nd dorsal interosseous (fast-twitch) (p < 0.01), although no change was noted for vastus lateralis (slow-twitch). In isolated rat muscles, a uremic environment had no significant effect on slow-twitch soleus during field stimulation, however, in fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus, a significant 23% (RU) and 22% (HU) faster rate of decline in force was measured, compared to controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: It is concluded that (1) muscle weakness and its electrophysiological correlates may be rapidly induced by uremic solutes and rapidly reversed when the solutes are removed by dialysis, and (2) fast-twitch muscles are more readily affected by uremic conditions than slow-twitch muscles.

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“…We measured the electroencephalographic responses to (undialyzed) progressive‐to‐terminal uremia, and in animals using standard human commercial dialysates or solutions made from distilled water to which chemical substances of interest were added or omitted. We published initial results of this “solute‐specific dialysis”(18) as the needed funds evaporated, and we are left, as before, with only the historical speculations.…”

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confidence: 99%