Role of chitosan on the growth, physiological parameters and enzymatic activity of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) in a pot experiment

Alleviative effects of chitosan or humic acid on Vitex trifolia ‘Purpurea’ grown under salinity stress

“…Under salt stress condition, although previous studies (El-Attar, 2017) stated that application of CHT reduced proline content in snapdragon salt stressed plants. However, recent authors (Jabeen and Ahmad, 2013;Safikhan et al, 2018;Krupa-Małkiewicz and Smolik, 2019) reported increase in accumulation of proline salt stressed plants due to CHT treatments which supported ours results. According to pervious researcher (Mazhar et al, 2012;Farahat et al, 2012) foliar application of HA caused reduction in proline content.…”

“…On contrary, the lowest values were resulted from plants irrigated with the highest level of salinity (5000 ppm) and sprayed with tap water. In this concern previous authors reported increases in growth characters of plants subjected to salt stress as result of CHT treatment (Mahdavi, 2013;Yahyaabadi et al, 2016;El-Attar, 2017;Safikhan et al, 2018;Krupa-Małkiewicz and Smolik, 2019) or HA treatment (Mazhar et al, 2012;EL Sayed et al, 2017;Abd-El-Hady, 2019). The Superior effect of HA compared to CHT one may attribute to HA role on osmotic adjustment by stimulating the production of proline levels, reducing membrane leakage and enhancing antioxidant enzymes which scavenging reactive oxygen species under salt stresses (Van Oosten et al, 2017).…”

“…Under salt stressed conditions, CHT has the ability to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress like salinity (Jabeen and Ahmad, 2013; Mahdavi, 2013;El-Attar, 2017;Krupa-Małkiewicz and Smolik, 2019). Additionally, it has been reported that salt stress damage could be alleviated by CHT via modifying intracellular ion concentration and promoting the capacity of antioxidant enzyme activities (Safikhan et al, 2018). The positive effect of CHT treatment is stimulates photosynthetic rate, stomatal closure via ABA synthesis, enhances antioxidant enzymes through nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide signaling pathways, and stimulates production of organic acids, sugars, amino acids and other metabolites that are necessary for the osmotic adjustment, stress signaling, and energy metabolism under stresses (Hidangmayum et al, 2019).…”

Impact of Foliar Application of Chitosan Dissolved in Different Organic Acids on Isozymes, Protein Patterns and Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress

“…These results are in harmony with [ 59 ]. A study by [ 60 ] stated that a significant increase in osmolyte contents in chitosan-treated milk thistle ( Silybum marianum L.) plants. Chitosan caused an enhancement in the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins throughout its role in increasing the expression of enzymes involved in glycolysis [ 61 , 62 ].…”

“…SOD, CAT, POD and PPO activities were greater in the plants grown under NaCl stress and treated with chitosan solutions against salinized plants. Application of chitosan was reported to increase the activity of catalase and peroxidase in tomato [ 85 ], eggplants [ 86 ], and milk thistle [ 60 ]. The chitosan chemical constitution includes uridine diphosphate N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) as nucleotide sugars, which, when applied in plants recognized by cells throughout chitin synthase chitin deacetylase enzymes, caused the formation of chitosan oligomers that are involved in plant cell signals [ 87 , 88 ].…”