Purpose: To find out the correlation between myopic refractive error, corneal power and central corneal thickness (CCT) in the adult Egyptian population. Methods: A retrospective observational cross-sectional study in which we analyzed the preoperative data of 1401 Egyptian myopic patients (1401 eyes) who underwent keratorefractive procedures between 2016 and 2019 in a private eye surgery center. Results: Mean age of patients was 28.1± 5.79 years (range 18-40). Mean CCT in the Egyptian population sample in our study was 539.23± 32.24. Only the corneal power parameters (flat K, steep K and average K) showed a statistically significant difference (p-value <0.001) between males and females. A statistically significant and weak positive correlation of average K with the absolute value of refractive astigmatism (r = 0.063, p-value = 0.018), and between myopic error with average K (r = 0.136, p-value <0.001) was found. Conclusion: Among the myopic adult Egyptian population, the greater the myopic error measured, the steeper the cornea, with a weak positive correlation between refractive error and corneal power.
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate subthreshold diode-laser micropulse (SDM) photocoagulation as a primary and secondary line of treatment for clinically significant diabetic macular edema (CSDME).MethodsIn this prospective nonrandomized case series, 220 cases of nonischemic CSDME were managed primarily and secondarily by SDM photocoagulation on a 15% duty cycle with a mean power of 828 mW and a spot size of 75–125 μm. SDM treatment was repeated at 3–4-month intervals if residual leakage was observed. Additional intravitreal pharmacologic therapy was used according to the response. Follow-up varied from 12 to 19 (mean 14±2.8) months. Novel software designed by the authors was used to record the subvisible threshold laser applications and their parameters on the fundus image of the eye. Evaluation of the results of treatment was done using fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Primary outcome measures included changes in visual acuity and foveal thickness at OCT. Secondary outcome measures included visual loss of one or more Snellen lines and laser scars detectable on fundus biomicroscopy or fluorescein angiography.ResultsIn the primary treatment group, there was significant improvement or stabilization of visual acuity after the first 3–4 months, which was stable thereafter. Visual acuity was stable in the secondary treatment group. A corresponding reduction of macular thickness on OCT was noted during the follow-up period in both groups. Additional therapy included repeat SDM photocoagulation, intravitreal injection of triamcinolone, and pars plana vitrectomy. Laser marks seen as changes in retinal pigment epithelium on fundus biomicroscopy and fluorescein angiography were noted in 3.3% and 5.7% of cases. Our novel software could accurately record the location of all SDM-invisible applications.ConclusionMicropulse laser is an effective minimal intensity therapy that offers the clear advantage of minimizing or avoiding laser-induced visible retinal burn/scarring while reducing the foveal thickness in the management of selected cases of CSDME. Future prospective studies should include the use of SDM photocoagulation as a combined minimally invasive therapy to consolidate the prompt but temporary effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor or anti-inflammatory agents. Virtual localization of SDM-invisible applications using our proprietary software could be used to guide further retreatments.
Pots experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of bio-stimulators chitosan (CHT) or humic acid (HA) on Vitex trifolia ‘Purpurea’ exposed to salinity stress. Salinity stress was imposed by irrigation with saline water at concentration of 1000, 2500 and 5000 ppm, in addition to control (280 ppm), plants exposed to salinity were sprayed every 4 weeks with either CHT at concentrations of 30, 60 and 90 ppm or HA at concentrations of 1000, 1500 and 2000 ppm, while control plants sprayed only with tap water. The results showed that, with increasing salinity stress all vegetative growth parameters were decreased and chemical constituents including total chlorophylls total carbohydrates, K+ %, Ca2+ % and K+/Na+ ratio were reduced. In contrast, elevating salinity stress increased contents of proline, total phenolic, Na+ %, Cl− %. On the other hand, foliar application of either CHT or HA had favorable impact on increasing vegetative traits and chemical compositions, meanwhile reducing accumulation of total phenolic, Na+ and Cl− % toxic ions in leaves, HA was generally more effective than CHT. Based on the results, it can be recommended that, CHT or HA at high concentration was the best effective treatments; however, HA was superior and economic treatment recommended for alleviating the adverse impact of salinity stress on Vitex trifolia ‘Purpurea’ plants irrigated with saline water at concentration up to 5000 ppm.
Introduction To compare sutureless deep sclerectomy to conventional deep sclerectomy regarding their lowering effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) in cases with open-angle glaucoma. Methods This is a prospective interventional randomized comparative study that included 60 eyes of 50 patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) who were indicated for surgical intervention. Patients were recruited from the glaucoma subspecialty clinic of the Cairo University teaching hospital and were divided into two groups: group A (underwent sutureless deep sclerectomy) and group B (underwent conventional deep sclerectomy). Results Both surgeries showed significant reduction of IOP all through the study period: in group A, mean reduction was 71.37%, 53.35%, 50.3%, and 44.33% at 1st day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months respectively, and in group B, mean reduction was 57.62%, 40.63%, 37.41%, and 31.68% at 1st day, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. Comparison between percentage of reduction in both groups showed no statistically significant difference. Also, use of anti-glaucoma medications dropped significantly at 6 months postoperatively in both groups with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Regarding reported complications, 12.9% in group A and 10.3% in group B presented with non-serious complications. One month postoperatively, UBM detected non-functioning blebs in 6.4% of group A and 3.4% in group B. Other cases with non-functioning blebs were detected at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, and all cases were managed. Conclusion Sutureless deep sclerectomy seems to be a safe and effective modification, with significant IOP reduction in POAG.
Précis: Sutureless deep sclerectomy achieved significant reduction in primary open angle glaucoma and juvenile glaucoma. Purpose: to assess long term results of sutureless deep sclerectomy (SDS) in cases with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and juvenile glaucoma (JOAG). Patients and Methods: A prospective interventional study included 84 eyes of 54 patients underwent SDS with the superficial scleral flap left un-sutured. Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) were recorded over two years. Success was defined according to the world glaucoma association (WGA) criteria: Criterion A: IOP ≤18 mm Hg and IOP reduction ≥30% from the preoperative status without medications (complete success (A1), with and without medications (qualified success (A2). Criterion B: IOP ≤15 mm Hg and IOP reduction ≥40% from the preoperative status without medications (complete success (B1), with and without medications (qualified success (B2). Results: There was statistically significant reduction in IOP compared to the preoperative IOP (mean IOP = 26.21± 10.46 mmHg) starting from 1st postoperative day (mean IOP = 7.18 ± 1.8 mmHg) till the end of follow up period at 2 years (mean IOP = 15.85± 4.46) (P < 0.001). Also, number of medications dropped significantly from 3.27 ± 1.14 to 0.82 ± 0.97 at the end of follow up period. At two years complete success (A1) was achieved in 57.1% and qualified success (A2) was achieved in 91.6% of cases. Subgroup analysis into males and females, POAG and JOAG showed no statistically significant difference between subgroups regarding IOP reduction. Conclusion: Sutureless deep sclerectomy is an effective and safe modification to deep sclerectomy in cases with primary open angle glaucoma and juvenile glaucoma.
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