Role of Cerebellar Uvula‐Nodulus in the Control of Head Orientation‐Specific Eye Velocity in the Rabbit

Errico, P.; Ferraresi, Aldo; Barmack, Neal H.; Pettorossf, V. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb15738.x

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In preliminary experiments in rabbits with bilateral nodulectomies, we found that the plane of OKAN II remained in a gravito-inertial coordinate system when the rabbit was pitched about an inter-aural axis (Errico et al 1996). In the present experiment we extend our analysis of the role of the nodulus in the orientation and spatial adaptation of OKAN II.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cerebellar Nodulectomy Impairs Spatial Memory of Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in Rabbits

Barmack

Errico

Ferraresi

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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. Cerebellar nodulectomy impairs spatial memory of vestibular and optokinetic stimulation in rabbits. J Neurophysiol 87: 962-975, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00528.2001. Natural vestibular and optokinetic stimulation were used to investigate the possible role of the cerebellar nodulus in the regulation and modification of reflexive eye movements in rabbits. The nodulus and folium 9d of the uvula were destroyed by surgical aspiration. Before and after nodulectomy the vertical and horizontal vestibuloocular reflexes (VVOR, HVOR) were measured during sinusoidal vestibular stimulation about the longitudinal (roll) and vertical (yaw) axes. Although the gain of the HVOR (G HVOR ϭ peak eye movement velocity/peak head velocity) was not affected by the nodulectomy, the gain of the VVOR (G VVOR ) was reduced. The gains of the vertical and horizontal optokinetic reflexes (G VOKR , G HOKR ) were measured during monocular, sinusoidal optokinetic stimulation (OKS) about the longitudinal and vertical axes. Following nodulectomy, there was no reduction in G VOKR or G HOKR . Long-term binocular OKS was used to generate optokinetic afternystagmus, OKAN II, that lasts for hours. After OKAN II was induced, rabbits were subjected to static pitch and roll, to determine how the plane and velocity of OKAN II is influenced by a changing vestibular environment. During static pitch, OKAN II slow phase remained aligned with earth-horizontal. This was true for normal and nodulectomized rabbits. During static roll, OKAN II remained aligned with earth-horizontal in normal rabbits. During static roll in nodulectomized rabbits, OKAN II slow phase developed a centripetal vertical drift. We examined the suppression and recovery of G VVOR following exposure to conflicting vertical OKS for 10 -30 min. This vestibular-optokinetic conflict reduced G VVOR in both normal and nodulectomized rabbits. The time course of recovery of G VVOR after conflicting OKS was the same before and after nodulectomy. In normal rabbits, the head pitch angle, at which peak OKAN II velocity occurred, corresponded to the head pitch angle maintained during long-term OKS. If the head was maintained in a "pitched-up" or "pitched-down" orientation during long-term OKS, the subsequently measured OKAN II peak velocity occurred at the same orientation. This was not true for nodulectomized rabbits, who had OKAN II peak velocities at head pitch angles independent of those maintained during long-term OKS. We conclude that the nodulus participates in the regulation of compensatory reflexive movements. The nodulus also influences "remembered" head position in space derived from previous optokinetic and vestibular stimulation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Cerebellar Nodulectomy Impairs Spatial Memory of Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in Rabbits

Barmack

Errico

Ferraresi

et al. 2002

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Rhythmic activity patterns are supported by many neuronal circuits, including the vestibular-oculomotor system (Anastasio 1994;Cohen et al 1999;Cova and Galiana 1996;Galiana and Outerbridge 1984;Wearne et al 1997), olivo-cerebellum (Belton and McCrea 2000;Errico et al 1996;Sheliga et al 1999;de Zeeuw et al 1998), and crustacean decapod stomatogastric ganglion (STG) Roberts 1997). In some cases, such as in the vestibular nuclei and STG, there is a clear relationship between the rhythmic activity patterns and motor behaviors: eye movements and chewing movements, respectively.…”

Section: Biological Problemmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mathematics reflecting sensorimotor organization

McCollum

2003

Biological Cybernetics

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This review combines short presentations of several mathematical approaches that conceptualize issues in sensorimotor neuroscience from different perspectives and levels of analysis. The intricate organization of neural structures and sensorimotor performance calls for characterization using a variety of mathematical approaches. This review points out the prospects for mathematical neuroscience: in addition to computational approaches, there is a wide variety of mathematical approaches that provide insight into the organization of neural systems. By starting from the perspective that provides the greatest clarity, a mathematical approach avoids specificity that is inaccurate in characterizing the inherent biological organization. Approaches presented include the mathematics of ordered structures, motion-phase space, subject-coincident coordinates, equivalence classes, topological biodynamics, rhythm space metric, and conditional dynamics. Issues considered in this paper include unification of levels of analysis, response equivalence, convergence, relationship of physics to motor control, support of rhythms, state transitions, and focussing on low-dimensional subspaces of a high-dimensional sensorimotor space.

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“…100% of velocity corresponds to that at 0°pitch angle. (B) OKAN II slow phase eye velocity and curves of fit (a second order polynomial), from our previous works in normal rabbits (6) and rabbits with nodulus and ventral uvula ablation (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gravity on the Spatial Orientation of Eye Nystagmus Induced by Unilateral Lesion of Horizontal Semicircular Canal

Pettorossi

Ermanno²,

Errico³

et al. 2000

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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The influence of gravity in the orientation and slow phase eye velocity of the ocular nystagmus following unilateral damage of the cupula in the ampulla of the horizontal semicircular canal (UHCD) was investigated. The nystagmus was analysed at different sagittal head positions using the x-y infrared eye monitor technique. The nystagmus was almost horizontal at 0 degrees head pitch angle and remained partially fixed in space when the head was pitched upward or downward. The reorientation gain of the slow and quick phases was high (about 0.75) within +/- 45 degrees of head pitch angle, but beyond this range, it decreased greatly. The gain value depended on the lesion extension to otolithic receptors. The absolute value of the slow phase eye velocity of UHCD nystagmus was also modified systematically by the head pitch, showing a reduction in the upward and an increase in the downward.

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Role of Cerebellar Uvula‐Nodulus in the Control of Head Orientation‐Specific Eye Velocity in the Rabbit

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Cerebellar Nodulectomy Impairs Spatial Memory of Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in Rabbits

Cerebellar Nodulectomy Impairs Spatial Memory of Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in Rabbits

Mathematics reflecting sensorimotor organization

Influence of Gravity on the Spatial Orientation of Eye Nystagmus Induced by Unilateral Lesion of Horizontal Semicircular Canal

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