Role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of recurrent uveitis in horses from the southeastern United States

Gilger, Brian C.; Salmon, John L.; Yi, Na Young; Barden, C.A.; Chandler, Heather L.; Wendt, Jennifer A.; Colitz, Carmen M.H.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.10.1329

Cited by 65 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…This was found in 59% of horses with ERU in our study. Other studies have advocated that definitive intraocular production of antibodies should be based on a 3 or 4 fold difference between serum and vitreous humor antibody titers [13,15]. This was found in 40% of horses with ERU in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Although there has been mounting evidence suggesting Leptospira as an etiologic agent of uveitis in many horses from North America [1,7,9] and Germany [6,8,10,11], two recent studies from the United States failed to show this relationship [12,13]. The purpose of this study M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 3 was to evaluate the role of Leptospira infections in ERU cases in horses from Louisiana and neighboring states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Titers were reported as the reciprocal of the highest dilution in which 50% of the leptospires were agglutinated. Titers ≥100 were considered diagnostic [1,13,14]. Horses with M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 antibody titers in ocular fluid that were higher than antibody titers in serum were defined as having intraocular antibody production.…”

Section: Leptospira Antibody Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horses with M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 antibody titers in ocular fluid that were higher than antibody titers in serum were defined as having intraocular antibody production. Two different criteria were evaluated: ratio of 1 if ocular titer/serum titer>1 and ratio of 4 if ocular titer/serum titer>4 [13,15]. …”

Section: Leptospira Antibody Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Intraocular Leptospira Infections in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis in the Southern United States

Polle

Storey

Eades

et al. 2014

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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The results of our study identified a population of ERU cases with an active intraocular Leptospira infectious process in the Southern United States. The diagnosis of intraocular leptospirosis required ocular fluid sampling for PCR or culture. Twenty-one percent of ocular fluid samples were positive by culture and forty-five percent by PCR; no control horses were positive by either culture or PCR. These findings are in contrast to a recent study from the Southeastern US that showed no evidence of bacterial DNA by PCR and supports the conclusion that a regional variation in Leptospira infections exists. The most common culture isolate was the serovar pomona; additionally, we report the first cases of serovar grippotyphosa outside of Europe. Title Role of intraocular Leptospira infections in the pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis in the Southern United States.Abstract: Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU) has been linked to leptospirosis in Europe, however regional differences exist in reports from the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of intraocular leptospiral infections in horses with ERU in the Southern United States. Blood and ocular fluid samples were collected from horses with ERU as well as normal controls. Leptospira serology was performed using microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Aqueous and vitreous humor samples were obtained and submitted for aerobic and Leptospira culture, PCR and MAT. Twenty-one control horses (40 eyes) and 31 ERU horses (46 eyes) were available. Serology was available for 48/52 horses: 16/21 control and 23/27 affected horses were positive for at least one serovar; bratislava was the most common serovar identified. Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. were cultured from one control eye; Streptococcus sp. (n=1) and Leptospira (n=6) from the eyes of 6 ERU horses. Leptospira isolates belonged to serogroup pomona (n=4) and grippotyphosa (n=2). PCR results were positive in 14/31 (45%) horses with ERU; no control horses were positive by PCR (p=0.0001). MAT was positive for 17/24 of ERU horses (71%) and 1/21 (4.7%) of normal horses (p<0.0001). Horses with ERU had a high prevalence of Leptospira infection based on PCR and MAT results from intraocular fluids compared to controls. The diagnosis of intraocular infections was not aided by serology and required specific, invasive sampling of ocular fluid. Leptospira infection should be considered as a cause of ERU in the Southern United States.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Leptospira Antibody Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leptospira Antibody Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Intraocular Leptospira Infections in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis in the Southern United States

Polle

Storey

Eades

et al. 2014

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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“…-31 Other bacterial (ie, Escherichia coli, Rhodococcus equi, borreliosis, actinobacillus, brucellosis, salmonellosis, Streptococcus spp), viral (equine viral arteritis [EVA], equine influenza virus, EHV-1, equine infectious anemia [EIA]), protozoan (toxoplasmosis), and parasitic (onchocerciasis, intestinal strongylus), as well as noninfectious etiologies, have also, however, been associated with the syndrome 32. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Pathology

Bauer

2015

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice

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Although not comprehensive of all ocular conditions in the equine species, this article concentrates on various ophthalmic conditions observed in the horse where laboratory diagnostics are recommended. The importance of laboratory diagnostic testing cannot be underestimated with equine ophthalmic disease. In many cases, laboratory diagnostics can aid in obtaining an early diagnosis and determining appropriate therapy, which in turn, can provide a better prognosis. In unfortunate cases where ocular disease results in a blind, painful eye necessitating enucleation, light microscopic evaluation is imperative to determine or confirm the cause of the blindness and provide a prognosis for the contralateral eye.

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Equine ocular examination basic techniques

Stoppini¹,

Gilger²

2016

Equine Ophthalmology

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Role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of recurrent uveitis in horses from the southeastern United States

Abstract: In horses from the southeastern United States, Leptospira organisms may have helped initiate ERU in some, but the continued presence of the organisms did not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of this recurrent disease.

Cited by 65 publications

References 41 publications

Role of Intraocular Leptospira Infections in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis in the Southern United States

Role of Intraocular Leptospira Infections in the Pathogenesis of Equine Recurrent Uveitis in the Southern United States

Ocular Pathology

Equine ocular examination basic techniques

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