Role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of recurrent uveitis in horses from the southeastern United States

Gilger, Brian C; Salmon, John L.; Yi, Na Young; Barden, C.A.; Chandler, Heather L.; Wendt, Jennifer A.; Colitz, Carmen M.H.

doi:10.2460/javma.233.8.1283

Cited by 19 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identifies leptospiral DNA and culturing of intraocular material can detect living leptospires. Positive results in the literature vary between 43 and 94 % when performing the MAT on the vitreal material of affected eyes (Brandes et al 2007, Gerding et al 2015, Gilger et al 2008, Polle et al 2014, von Borstel et al 2010, Wollanke et al 2001. The PCR is able to detect leptospiral DNA in 40 to 100 % of the eyes tested in the literature (Brandes et al 2007, Faber et al 2000, Polle et al 2014, von Borstel et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They categorized ERU into a painful "anterior uveitis/iritis", an almost painless "intermediate uveitis/cyclitis/pars planitis" and a "posterior uveitis/choroiditis" or rather "panuveitis", because not only the choroid, but also the ciliary body is usually involved during inflammation (Spiess 2010, Tömördy et al 2010, Wollanke et al 2009). There are numerous aetiological theories for the causes of ERU, but to date, the "classic ERU" is most commonly associated with an intraocular leptospiral infection (Alexander 1990, Brandes et al 2007Faber et al 2000, Frellstedt 2009, Gerding et al 2015, Gilger et al 2008, Halliwell 1985, Heusser 1948, Niedermaier et al 2006, Pearce et al 2007, Polle et al 2014, Rimpau 1947, Schwink et al 1989, Sillerud et al 1987, von Borstel et al 2010, Wiehen 2012, Wollanke et al 2000, Wollanke et al 2001. Involvement of Leptospira spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection of intraocular leptospiral DNA, antibodies and Leptospira spp. in horses with equine recurrent uveitis in different laboratories

Baake¹,

Borstel²,

Rohn³

et al. 2016

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an ocular disease characterized mainly by recurrent episodes of inflammation, alternating with quiescent episodes of various durations. There are numerous aetiological theories for the cause of ERU, but to date, the "classic ERU" is most commonly associated with an intraocular leptospiral infection. The pars plana vitrectomy has, so far, been the most promising treatment of ERU and is thought to be more successful in eyes with detectable leptospiral antibodies in the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and therefore a preselection is recommended. The objective of this study was to investigate whether different laboratories have an influence on the frequency of detection of leptospiral DNA and leptospiral antibodies from vitreal samples of horses with ERU and if these results are in accordance with cultural testing of the vitreal samples. Vitreal samples were obtained from 93 eyes of 78 horses of various breeds and age with a clinical history of ERU. The vitreal samples were taken at the beginning of the vitrectomy to keep the dilution of the vitreal samples as low as possible. The samples were split and sent to three different laboratories in Germany (L1, L2 and L3). Laboratory 1 (L1) performed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a MAT, laboratory 2 (L2) carried out a PCR and laboratory 3 (L3) performed a MAT, a cultural examination and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the vitreal specimens. The amount of dilution was evaluated by comparing the urea content of 34 vitreal samples with the urea content of the serum of each of the horses at the time of sampling. Furthermore, a serial dilution was performed with undiluted vitreal material of two enucleated eyes and sent to L1 for MAT and PCR. The results of the PCR indicated a strong conformity between L1 and L2 (Kappa 0.95), both laboratories concurrently revealed 52 positive and 31 negative results and only two specimens showed deviating results. The MAT in L1 was positive in 51% of the vitreal samples tested, whereas only 41% of the vitreal samples were tested positive in L3. The conformity was, moreover, serovar-and breed-dependent. The Kappa was 0.67 when only including serovar Grippotyphosa, and was 0.82 for serovar Pomona (Tab. 5). Warmblood horses displayed a Kappa of 0.56 between L1 and L3, whereas the Kappa for the Icelandic horses was 0.91 between L1 and L3. The cultivation of leptospires was successful in 16 % of the vitreal specimens. The dilution of vitreal samples was measured to range between 1 and 2.1 with a standard deviation of 1.68. Overall, 67 vitreal samples were tested simultaneously in all three laboratories. A positive result in at least one of the tests performed occurred in 57 % (38), whereas 43 % (29) of the vitreal specimens were tested negative in all five tests performed (PCR in L1 and L2, MAT in L1 and L3, and culture in L3). The variation of agreement of the MAT between serovar Grippotyphosa and serovar Pomona and between Warmblood and Icelandic horses in L1 and L3 might be account...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of intraocular leptospiral DNA, antibodies and Leptospira spp. in horses with equine recurrent uveitis in different laboratories

Baake¹,

Borstel²,

Rohn³

et al. 2016

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is mounting evidence, that various serovars of Leptospira interrogans are at least the triggering factor for ERU (Roberts et al 1952, Yager et al 1952, Bryans 1955, Roberts 1958, Roberts 1969, Trap 1979, Hathaway et al 1981, Davidson et al 1987, Matthews et al 1987, Sillerud et al 1987, Dwyer et al 1995, Wollanke et al 1998, Wollanke et al 2001, Wollanke 2002, Wollanke et al 2004a, Niedermaier et al 2006, Gilger Salmon et al 2008 and it has been shown, that vaccination with a specific vaccine was successful in preventing new cases in an endemic horse population (Rohrbach et al 2002, Wollanke et al 2004b, Rohrbach et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The outcome of pars plana vitrectomy in horses with equine recurrent uveitis with regard to the presence or absence of intravitreal antibodies against various serovars of Leptospira interrogans

Tömördy¹,

Hässig²,

Spiess³

2010

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…So blieben postoperativ 42 von 43 (97,7 %) Augen über 67 Monate (Winterberg und Gerhards 1997), 33 von 38 (86,8 %) Augen nach Single-Port-PPV über einen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren (Frühauf et al 1998) Die Ätiopathogenese der ERU ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt. So werden in der aktuellen, ophthalmologischen Forschung Zusammenhänge zwischen dem direkten und indirekten Leptospirennachweis und der Erkrankung (Rimpau und Heusser 1947, Williams et al 1971, Halliwell et al 1985, Dwyer et al 1995, Brem et al 1999, Faber et al 2000, Wollanke et al 2001, Hartskeerl et al 2004, Niedermaier et al 2006, Brandes et al 2007, Gilger et al 2008, Loibl 2009), Autoimmunreaktionen als Ursache der ERU (Tizard 1992, Deeg et al 2008, Regan et al 2012, Zipplies et al 2012) und genetische Ursachen (Alexander und Keller 1990, Dwyer et al 1995, Kulbrock et al 2013, Fritz et al 2014 …”

unclassified

Long-term results of pars plana vitrectomy in relationship to leptospiral antibody detection in vitreous humor in 118 horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU)

Keiter¹,

Töth²,

Dikker³

et al. 2017

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long-term results of pars plana vitrectomy in relationship to leptospiral antibody detection in vitreous humor in 118 horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU)In the ongoing discussion regarding aetiopathogenesis and therapeutic approach of equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) it was the aim of the present study to elucidate the relationship of leptospiral antibody detection in vitreous humor and success of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in horses with ERU. In a retrospective study of 118 ERU patients of different age, gender and breed undiluted vitreous humor, aseptically taken at the beginning of PPV, was examined by culture. Furthermore vitreous humor and serum were tested for specific antibodies against different serovars of Leptospira interrogans by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Horses were treated via single port pars plana vitrectomy. The presence or absence of inflammation of the inner eye 8 to 54 months after PPV was evaluated by repeated ocular examinations, as well as by interrogation of referring veterinarians and horse owners. The absence of recurrent inflammation in terms of symptoms of classic uveitis after surgery was considered a success. A total of 55 of 118 horses (46.6 %) had serum antibodies against different serovars of Leptospira (L.) interrogans (≥ 1 : 100). Culture of vitreous humor was positive in 16/118 (13.6 %) patients with ERU. In 49 of 118 horses (41.5 %) and 52 of 134 eyes (38.8 %) leptospiral antibodies were detected in vitreous humor via MAT. L. interrogans serovar Grippotyphosa (48) and L. interrogans serovar Pomona (12) were identified most frequently. A total of 90/118 (76.3 %) horses and 104/134 eyes (77.6 %) remained relapse-free over a period of 8 to 54 months. Forty-one/49 horses (83.7 %) and 44/52 eyes (84.6 %), tested positive for antibodies against L. interrogans via MAT and 49/69 horses (71.0 %) and 60/82 eyes (73.2 %), in which no leptospiral antibodies were detected in vitreous humor, showed no further episodes of ERU (Fishers exact test: P ≥ 0.05). These findings confirm the therapeutic approach to perform a vitrectomy according to the clinical ERU diagnosis irrespective of the leptospiral antibody result.Keywords: horse, equine recurrent uveitis, vitrectomy, leptospira; ophthalmology Zitation: Dorrego Keiter E., Tóth J., Dikker L., Sielhorst J., Schusser G. F. (2017) Long-term results of pars plana vitrectomy in relationship to leptospiral antibody detection in vitreous humor in 118 horses with equine recurrent uveitis

show abstract

Role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of recurrent uveitis in horses from the southeastern United States

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of intraocular leptospiral DNA, antibodies and Leptospira spp. in horses with equine recurrent uveitis in different laboratories

Detection of intraocular leptospiral DNA, antibodies and Leptospira spp. in horses with equine recurrent uveitis in different laboratories

The outcome of pars plana vitrectomy in horses with equine recurrent uveitis with regard to the presence or absence of intravitreal antibodies against various serovars of Leptospira interrogans

Long-term results of pars plana vitrectomy in relationship to leptospiral antibody detection in vitreous humor in 118 horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About