Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

Liu, Tengyu; Wang, Xinming; Deng, Wei; Zhang, Yanli; Chu, Biwu; Ding, Xiang; Hu, Qihou; He, Hong; Hao, Jiming

doi:10.1007/s11426-015-5414-x

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…2016). For complex precursor systems (gasoline vehicle exhaust), Liu et al (2016) have also found that under high SO 2 concentration (∼ 150 ppb) conditions, the maximum particle number concentrations increased by 5.4-48 times compared to those without SO 2 during the photo-oxidation of gasoline vehicle exhaust. This higher magnification of SO 2 might be related to the different VOC composition between evaporative emissions and gasoline vehicle exhaust, especially the aromatic and IVOCs (H. .…”

Section: Role Of So 2 In Secondary Aerosol Formationmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Previous studies have also revealed its promoting role in SA formation from different precursors (Zhao et al, 2018a;S. Liu et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2016;Díaz-de-Mera et al, 2017;Chu et al, 2016). Additionally, the particle number concentrations and size growth were greatly enhanced by the presence of SO 2 .…”

Section: Role Of So 2 In Secondary Aerosol Formationmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, there is still a significant gap between the predicted SA derived from current atmospheric quality models and that observed in field observations (Zhao et al, 2018a;Yang et al, 2018;Zheng et al, 2015). Therefore, considering the characteristics of complex pollution in China, it is crucial to study the synergistic effects of SO 2 and NH 3 on the formation of SA, which have been considered an important potential source of SA formation (Zhao et al, 2018b;Chu et al, 2016;Liu et al, 2016;Santiago et al, 2012;Na et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO2 and NH3

Chen

Liu

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Gasoline evaporative emissions have become an important anthropogenic source of urban atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). These emissions have a significant impact on regional air quality, especially in China where car ownership is growing rapidly. However, the contribution of evaporative emissions to secondary aerosol (SA) is not clear in an air pollution complex in which a high concentration of SO2 and NH3 was present. In this study, the effects of SO2 and NH3 on SA formation from unburned gasoline vapor were investigated in a 30 m3 indoor smog chamber. It was found that an increase in SO2 and NH3 concentrations (0–151 and 0–200 ppb, respectively) could linearly promote the formation of SA, which could be enhanced by a factor of 1.6–2.6 and 2.0–2.5, respectively. Sulfate was most sensitive to the SO2 concentration, followed by organic aerosol, which was due not only to the acid catalytic effect, but was also related to the formation of organic sulfur-containing compounds. In the case of an increasing NH3 concentration, ammonium nitrate increased more significantly than organic aerosol, and nitrogen-containing organics were also enhanced, as revealed by the results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis. New particle formation (NPF) and particle size growth were also significantly enhanced in the presence of SO2 and NH3. This work indicates that gasoline evaporative emissions will be a significant source of SA, especially in the presence of high concentrations of SO2 and NH3. Meanwhile, these emissions might also be a potential source of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing organics. Our work provides a scientific basis for the synergistic emission reduction of secondary aerosol precursors, including NOx, SO2, NH3, and particularly VOCs, to mitigate particulate matter (PM) pollution in China.

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Section: Role Of So 2 In Secondary Aerosol Formationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Role Of So 2 In Secondary Aerosol Formationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO2 and NH3

Chen

Liu

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Both lab and field observations have suggested that NH 3 can increase nucleation rates 100-to 1,000-fold even at ppt levels (Meng et al, 2017;Seinfeld & Pandis, 2016). Therefore, NH 3 can significantly affect ambient air quality as the key precursor of the formation of secondary sulfate and nitrate particles (major components of PM 2.5 ; Liu et al, 2015;Seinfeld & Pandis, 2016;Sun et al, 2017). In addition, the importance of NH 3 in terms of its global impacts has increased because of the substantial reductions of SO 2 and NO x emissions (Emami et al, 2018;Squizzato et al, 2018a) while there have been only limited reductions of NH 3 emissions (Tang et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Zhou

Holsen

et al. 2019

JGR Atmospheres

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Ammonia (NH3) was monitored at four locations (two urban and two rural) across New York State from April 2016 to October 2017 using active and passive systems. The two rural sites were Pinnacle State Park (PIN) and the Village of Potsdam, and the two urban sites were the City of Rochester and Queens College in New York City. Active and passive concentrations were well correlated across all sites (r2 = 0.866), but the active systems measured 6.2% higher NH3 concentrations. The mean (±SD) NH3 concentrations measured using active systems in Queens College, City of Rochester, Village of Potsdam, and PIN were 3.22 ± 2.23, 2.84 ± 1.91, 1.29 ± 1.12, and 0.82 ± 0.64 ppb, respectively. Ambient NH3 concentrations varied with diel vehicular and seasonal agricultural activities. NH3 concentrations at the urban sites had lower seasonal variability than the rural sites. NH3 concentrations were generally related to regional and in‐state NH3 emissions although less regional influence was observed at the urban sites. Local NH3 source directions were identified using conditional bivariate probability function. The urban sites were affected by local NH3 sources such as vehicular emissions and urban population centers. Likely distant NH3 source locations affecting the four sites were identified using simplified quantitative transport bias analysis model. Rural sites were more highly affected by transported NH3. Midwestern and Atlantic were major NH3 source areas. NH3 emissions from the south of PIN were probably due to the use of diesel trucks and other diesel engines in the hydraulic fracturing industry in Pennsylvania near the New York State border.

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“…A number of factors, including temperature12, RH13, the ratio of hydrocarbons to NO x 14, and the presence of SO 2 or NH 3 151617 have important influences on SOA formation. In addition, the presence of pre-existing aerosols also plays an important role in both heterogeneous and aerosol-phase reactions, by shifting gas-particle partitioning and thus influencing overall SOA yields.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of metal-mediated aerosol-phase oxidation on secondary organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis and OH-oxidation of α-pinene

Chu

Liggio

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The organic component is the most abundant fraction of atmospheric submicron particles, while the formation mechanisms of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are not fully understood. The effects of sulfate seed aerosols on SOA formation were investigated with a series of experiments carried out using a 9 m3 smog chamber. The presence of FeSO4 or Fe2(SO4)3 seed aerosols decreased SOA yields and increased oxidation levels in both ozonolysis and OH-oxidation of α-pinene compared to that in the presence of ZnSO4 or (NH4)2SO4. These findings were explained by metal-mediated aerosol-phase oxidation of organics: reactive radicals were generated on FeSO4 or Fe2(SO4)3 seed aerosols and reacted further with the organic mass. This effect would help to explain the high O/C ratios of organics in ambient particles that thus far cannot be reproduced in laboratory and model studies. In addition, the gap in the SOA yields between experiments with different seed aerosols was more significant in OH-oxidation experiments compared to ozonolysis experiments, while the gap in estimated O/C ratios was less obvious. This may have resulted from the different chemical compositions and oxidation levels of the SOA generated in the two systems, which affect the branching ratio of functionalization and fragmentation during aerosol oxidation.

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Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

Cited by 37 publications

References 69 publications

Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>

Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Influence of metal-mediated aerosol-phase oxidation on secondary organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis and OH-oxidation of α-pinene

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Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust

Cited by 37 publications

References 69 publications

Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;

Ambient Ammonia Concentrations Across New York State

Influence of metal-mediated aerosol-phase oxidation on secondary organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis and OH-oxidation of α-pinene

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Product

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Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>

Significant source of secondary aerosol: formation from gasoline evaporative emissions in the presence of SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>