Role of Ajwa dates in ameliorating diclofenac sodium-induced nephrotoxicity and cardiovascular risk factors in mice

Abstract

The study aims at evaluating the protective effects of Ajwa dates extract against diclofenac sodium (DFS)-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 30 male albino mice were divided into three groups. Group 1 received water per oral gavage for 14 days and saline per intra-peritoneal (IP) dose for the days 12–14. Group 2 received water like Group 1 and a daily IP dose of DFS for the days 12–14. Group 3 received 1 gm/kg Ajwa extract in water for 14 days and a daily IP dose for the days 12–14. Biochemical investigation revealed DFS-induced increase in serum urea and creatinine levels along with depleted antioxidant capacity, altered lipid profile, and hyperglycemia. Ajwa extract successfully protected against DFS-induced adverse effects, normalizing renal parameters biochemically and histologically, and prevented its hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic effects. Ajwa protected against endogenous antioxidant capacity depletion in treated animals. Hydroalcoholic Ajwa extract is a promising candidate for protection against DFS-induced hyperlipidemia and nephrotoxicity.

Histological Assessment of Selenium Protective Effect Against Diclofenac Sodium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

“…Glomerular lesions, congestion of renal vessels in the cortex, and signs of inflammation were also present. These findings are in agreement with previous publications which have also documented similar observations of kidney injury induced by diclofenac [9,19,[47][48][49]. The study by Yasmeen et al reported proximal tubule dilatation, degenerative changes in the lining epithelial cells of these tubules, where the nuclei of some cells appeared condensed, and congestion of blood vessels in the cortical area with few inflammatory foci [50].…”

“…This simple protocol has been implemented by earlier published studies [9,34]. Animals in the Dic groups were injected with 50 mg/kg of Diclofenac Sodium I.M.…”

“…Moreover, diclofenac can reduce the production of leukotrienes and inhibit phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ), which further supports its high potency [7,8]. This drug is indicated for conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, migraine, dysmenorrhea, and mild to moderate pain [7][8][9].…”

“…After 7 days of acclimatization, the animals were distributed randomly into 4 groups (each containing 8 rats) and subjected to treatments, the dosage of diclofenac and Selenium were selected based on the previous articles [9,28,33,34].…”