Role of activated carbon fabric mask to prevent lead absorption – a short report

Kuruvilla, Ajee; Pillay, VV; Adhikari, Prabha; Venkatesh, Talavara; Chakrapani, M; Krishnan, N G; Rajeev, A.; Bastia, Binaya Kumar; Rao, H.T. Jayaprakash

doi:10.1177/0748233708100367

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Kuruvilla et al also reported that the use of activated carbon fabric (ASF) masks that successfully reduced lead exposure. 20 Our study had several limitations, particularly the type of masks. There is a wide variety of mask types, including disposable face masks, bandana masks, pre-shaped face masks, and full-face respirators.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mask Protection Against Lead Exposure and Its Correlation with Erythropoiesis in Automotive Body Painters at Ligu District, Semarang, Indonesia

Santosa

Rosidi

Anggraini

et al. 2022

JBM

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Automotive body painters are at risk of excessive lead exposure that may compromise their health. This study examined the protective effects of masks against lead exposure and its correlation with blood profile of automotive body painters at Ligu district, Semarang, Indonesia. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 61 painters at Ligu district, Semarang, Indonesia (mean age 45 years, 100% male). Mask use was categorized into "frequent" and "infrequent". Blood samples were taken to measure lead exposure and haematological parameters (haemoglobin/HGB, erythrocytes/RBC, haematocrit/HCT, mean corpuscular haemoglobin/MCH, mean corpuscular volume/MCV, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration/MCHC). Effectivity of mask use against lead exposure was analysed with Fisher's exact test, while lead exposure and haematopoietic parameters were evaluated with Pearson's correlation tests. Results: There were 26 automotive painters (42.6%) classified as unfrequent mask users, and all of them had high blood lead levels. Most haematopoiesis parameters were in normal range. Workers with infrequent mask use were 1.269 more likely to be exposed to lead compared to those with frequent mask use (CI 95%, 1.082-1.552). Significant associations were found between lead exposure and RBC (p=0.0, r=−0.53), HGB (p=0, r=−0.61), and HCT (p=0.00, r=−0.61). No significant correlations were observed between lead exposure and MCV, MCH, MCHC. Conclusion: Lead exposure was significantly associated with haematological parameters RBC, HGB, and HCT, confirming the effects of prolonged exposure on blood profile. However, mask use provided significant protection against lead exposure in automotive body painters and should be an obligatory gear for workers.

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Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mask Protection Against Lead Exposure and Its Correlation with Erythropoiesis in Automotive Body Painters at Ligu District, Semarang, Indonesia

Santosa

Rosidi

Anggraini

et al. 2022

JBM

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“…Weak bonds are formed by physical adsorption mechanism between pollutants and activated carbon fabric surface at low temperatures. Providing heat energy, pollutant molecules can be removed from the activated carbon fabric surface [19,20,22]. This mask has a superior quality activated carbon fabric, which has excellent adsorbent property, removes environmental toxin, and atmospheric pollutant.…”

Section: Strategies For Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier effectiveness of use of ACF masks in reducing blood lead levels of battery workers was studied for 1 month [19,22]. Hence, we planned the study protocol for short duration, that is, for 2 months.…”

Section: Strategies For Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Toxicity Due to Lead Reduced by ACF

Patil,

Kshirsagar

2024

Advances and Challenges in Hazardous Waste Management

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Unorganized lead acid battery workers are exposed to lead. It causes the most occupational heavy metal toxicity. High lead affects several organs and systems of the body. Activated carbon fabric respiratory mask is known to reduce absorption of lead. The study was designed to see use of activated carbon fabric respiratory masks (ACF) in reducing lead-induced nephrotoxic effects among workers. A total of 36 male subjects aged 20 to 65 years were included in this study. Blood lead, renal markers, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and potassium were investigated. Increased blood lead (P < 0.001), significantly decreases after using ACF mask. Renal function markers showed significant alteration in serum creatinine (P < 0.01), urea (P < 0.01), and uric acid (P < 0.001), in the study group after using ACF respiratory mask. Significant improvement in the mean levels of sodium (P < 0.0001), potassium (P < 0.05), calcium (P < 0.0001), and phosphorous (P < 0.001) after using ACF mask. Increase in generalized aminoaciduria was seen in battery workers before using ACF mask, but there was no decrease in excretion of amino acids after using ACF mask. The symptoms of lead acid battery workers did not significantly decrease after using ACF mask. Present study concludes that significant change in renal function parameters using ACF mask regularly indicates decreasing absorption of lead.

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“…Molecules of pollutants bouncing across the activated carbon fabric surface gradually lose their energy and finally come to rest on it. Due to weak bonds in the physical adsorption, molecules can be removed from the activated carbon fabric surface by providing heat energy [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous vs. Factory-Made Activated Carbon Fabric Masks to Reduce Lead Absorption-A Pilot Study

Kuruvilla¹

2013

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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An attempt was made to determine the usefulness of Activated Carbon Fabric (ACF) masks to reduce lead absorption. Indigenous and factory made ACF masks were given to factory workers. The blood levels 6 months before giving the mask, on the day of giving the masks and one month after using the mask, were determined. The usefulness of indigenous versus factory made ACF mask was thus obtained. This was a pilot study and apparently both the indigenous and the factory made mask seemed useful in reducing the blood lead level.

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Role of activated carbon fabric mask to prevent lead absorption – a short report

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Mask Protection Against Lead Exposure and Its Correlation with Erythropoiesis in Automotive Body Painters at Ligu District, Semarang, Indonesia

Mask Protection Against Lead Exposure and Its Correlation with Erythropoiesis in Automotive Body Painters at Ligu District, Semarang, Indonesia

Renal Toxicity Due to Lead Reduced by ACF

Indigenous vs. Factory-Made Activated Carbon Fabric Masks to Reduce Lead Absorption-A Pilot Study

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