Role of 6G Networks: Use Cases and Research Directions

Bajpai, Ambar; Balodi, Arun

doi:10.1109/b-htc50970.2020.9298017

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In 5G, there is a huge demand for wireless and internet services, which increases the number of mobile subscribers and customer premises equipment (CPE). This will lead to high data transmission over mobile networks by 2030 compared to 2020 [1,2]. As a result of the great progress in network technology and solutions, most of the deployed sites involve 2G, 3G, 4G, and recently 5G with the Internet of Things (IoT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Simulation-Based Exposure Assessment at a Far-Field for a Multitechnology Cellular Site up to 5G NR

2022

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5G is expected to be the dominant technology for mobile networks in the coming years, but there is concern about the increase in the total electromagnetic field radiation levels due to the deployment of the 5G technology. This paper presents an exposure assessment of electromagnetic field radiation on humans from single base station of a mobile network serving in dense, urban, suburban, and rural area scenarios for single-site transmission with multi-technology, including 2G, 3G, 4G, IoT, and 5G which have recently been deployed. This assessment is performed using simulation to predict the received signal levels and to calculate the related power densities for a typical single site under operating field configurations and settings for each technology. Field measurements were performed using a drive test tool to validate and calibrate the simulation results. The results show the total exposure ratio was very low compared to the international standard exposure limits, and the results show the contribution from each technology for these spesfic sites used in this study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Simulation-Based Exposure Assessment at a Far-Field for a Multitechnology Cellular Site up to 5G NR

2022

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“…Thus, the network evolution with the 5G and beyond aim to guarantee this QoS. Thanks to the high throughput, the ultra-low latency, the high connectivity and coverage, the efficient spectrum use, the higher reliability, and the support of increased mobility, road safety applications should no longer suffer from the 4G limitations [121,122,123,100].…”

Section: Vru Application Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there are many possible alternatives to manage scalability challenges, it is predicted that by 2030, the number of connected devices will reach 125 Billion [123], which will increase the network load and the high demand for bandwidth. The introduction of 6G is expected to extend the network capacity to support high connected device density and guarantee ubiquitous connectivity [122,121].…”

Section: Scalabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

5G-enabled V2X communications for vulnerable road users safety applications: a review

2022

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Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is continuously evolving alongside communication technologies and autonomous driving, giving way to new applications and services. Considering the significant rise in traffic casualties, protecting vulnerable road users (VRU), such as pedestrians, cyclists, motorcycles, animals, etc., has become ever more critical. That said, technological advances alone can not meet the requirements of such crucial applications. Therefore, combining them with architectural revolutions, particularly cloud, fog, and edge computing, is essential. In this review, we scrutinize the VRU safety application with regard to technological evolution. This review establishes the foundations for designing resilient, more reliable, end-to-end VRU protection services. It illustrates the possibility of combining the performance of different technologies through exploiting 5G architectural advantages (function placement, direct/indirect communication, etc.) for the intended application. In the context of 5G architecture, collision avoidance systems consider network and application-related challenges and solutions. This survey provides standardization, studies, and project efforts related to the use case and considers the different types of messages in the V2VRU communication-based safety application. We investigate how adapting the application parameters to the network state and devices' available resources can use network resources efficiently and provide reliable services.

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“…The FIN aims to address several problems from real-life domains, such as smart road traffic monitoring, smart parking, automated driving, and smart factories [241] through Network Assisted Smart Services (NAS). The ML techniques, along with network-based surveillance, will be used to provide vehicle, pedestrian, and blind spots detection, traffic signal violation, and root cause analysis of accidents on highways.…”

Section: Network Assisted Smart Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Requirements of Future Intelligent Networks: Solutions and Future Research Directions

2022

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The context of this study examines the requirements of Future Intelligent Networks (FIN), solutions, and current research directions through a survey technique. The background of this study is hinged on the applications of Machine Learning (ML) in the networking field. Through careful analysis of literature and real-world reports, we noted that ML has significantly expedited decision-making processes, enhanced intelligent automation, and helped resolve complex problems economically in different fields of life. Various researchers have also envisioned future networks incorporating intelligent functions and operations with the ML. Several efforts have been made to automate individual functions and operations in the networking domain; however, most of the existing ML models proposed in the literature lack several vital requirements. Hence, this study aims to present a comprehensive summary of the requirements of FIN and propose a taxonomy of different network functionalities that needs to be equipped with ML techniques. The core objectives of this study are to provide a taxonomy of requirements envisioned for end-to-end FIN, relevant ML techniques, and their analysis to find research gaps, open issues, and future research directions. The real benefit of machine learning applications in any domain can only be ensured if intelligent capabilities cover all its components. We observed that future generations of networks are heterogeneous, multi-vendor, and multidimensional, and ML can provide optimal results only if intelligent capabilities are used on a holistic scale. Realizing intelligence on a holistic scale is only possible if the ML algorithms can solve heterogeneous problems in a multi-vendor and multidimensional environment. ML models must be reliable and efficient, support distributed learning architecture, and possess the capability to learn and share the knowledge across the network layers and administrative domains to solve issues. Firstly, this study ascertains the requirements of the FIN and proposes their taxonomy through reviews on envisioned ideas by various researchers and articles gathered from reputed conferences and standard developing organizations using keyword queries. Secondly, we have reviewed existing studies on ML applications focusing on coverage, heterogeneity, distributed architecture, and cross-domain knowledge learning and sharing. Our study observed that in the past, ML applications were focused mainly on an individual/isolated level only, and aspects of global and deep holistic learning with cross-layer/domain knowledge sharing with agile ML operations are not explored at large. We recommend that the issues mentioned above be addressed with improved ML architecture and agile operations and propose ML pipeline-based architecture for FIN. The significant contribution of this study is the impetus for researchers to seek ML models suitable for a modular, distributed, multi-domain and multi-layer environment and provide decision-making on a global or holistic rather than individual function level.

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Role of 6G Networks: Use Cases and Research Directions

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Measurement and Simulation-Based Exposure Assessment at a Far-Field for a Multitechnology Cellular Site up to 5G NR

Measurement and Simulation-Based Exposure Assessment at a Far-Field for a Multitechnology Cellular Site up to 5G NR

5G-enabled V2X communications for vulnerable road users safety applications: a review

A Survey on Requirements of Future Intelligent Networks: Solutions and Future Research Directions

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