Role Conflicts in Military Psychiatry

Nurse practitioner educational preparation and confidence related to managing antipsychotic medications and associated drug-induced movement disorders

“…Antipsychotic medications (APMs) are used to treat a variety of mental illnesses for patients across the lifespan, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, autism, and anxiety disorders (Pillay et al, 2017; Sadock et al, 2015; Stroup & Gray, 2018). Antipsychotic medications have been available since the 1950s and increased in variety in the 1990s (Stagnitti, 2010).…”

“…Movement disorders are some of the most consequential possible side effects associated with APMs and other dopamine receptor–blocking agents such as metoclopramide. Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) related to APMs include dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia, catatonia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and tardive dyskinesia (Caroff et al, 2018; Sadock et al, 2015). Although later generations of APMs have less risk of causing movement disorders, it is recommended that all generations of antipsychotics be considered as a single drug class with a spectrum of risk for causing movement disorders (Caroff et al, 2011).…”

“…Prompt and accurate diagnosis of DIMDs is imperative to prevent worsening and lasting damage to patients. Drug-induced movement disorders can be difficult to differentiate from spontaneous dyskinesias and symptoms of an underlying disorder, such as benzodiazepine withdrawal or anxiety (Macaluso et al, 2017; Sadock et al, 2015). Other barriers to effective patient care related to DIMDs include provider misunderstandings and ongoing educational deficits related to this topic (Caroff et al, 2018).…”

Effect of Religious Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Religious Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (3 and 6 months Follow-up)

“…[ 5 ] This chronic and debilitating disorder is such that its dysfunction is comparable to that of schizophrenic disorder. [ 6 ] Most social dysfunction is common when the symptoms of OCD are intensified. These patients often have low levels of self-esteem and a feeling of shame and dissatisfaction with their social function and often avoid activities that connect with others.…”

“…These patients often have low levels of self-esteem and a feeling of shame and dissatisfaction with their social function and often avoid activities that connect with others. [ 7 ] Cultural, moral, and religious values of one can affect the phenomenology of symptoms[ 6 ] and OCD is no exception; according to studies, this disorder is not more common in religious people but being religious is effective in patient's symptomatology. [ 8 9 ] This means that if religious patients suffer OCD, their obsessive content is mainly emerged in the field of beliefs and rituals.…”