Role and Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in the Response of
            <i>Shewanella piezotolerans</i>
            WP3 to Different Temperatures and Pressures

Wang, Feng; Xiao, Xiang; Ou, Hong‐Yu; Gai, Yingbao; Wang, Fengping

doi:10.1128/jb.00498-08

Cited by 109 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…No such increase was observed for the BC5401 mutant. Although the role of this FA compound at low temperatures is not known, a similar increase in Shewanella piezotolerans grown at 4°C versus 20°C was observed previously (50). However, the exact role of the BC5401 product in i13 biosynthesis during bacterial growth at low temperatures remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Identification of Bacillus cereus Genes Specifically Expressed during Growth at Low Temperatures

Brillard

Jéhanno

Dargaignaratz

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The mechanisms involved in the ability of Bacillus cereus to multiply at low temperatures were investigated. It was assumed that many genes involved in cold acclimation would be upregulated at low temperatures. Recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (IVET) was adapted to the detection of the transient activation of B. cereus promoters during growth at 10°C. Four independent screenings of a promoter library from type strain ATCC 14579 were performed, and 17 clones were isolated. They corresponded to 17 promoter regions that displayed reproducibly elevated expression at 10°C relative to expression at 30°C. This analysis revealed several genes that may be important for B. cereus to grow successfully under the restrictive conditions of cold habitats. Among them, a locus corresponding to open reading frames BC5402 to BC5398, harboring a lipase-encoding gene and a putative transcriptional regulator, was identified three times. While a mutation in the putative regulator-encoding gene did not cause any particular phenotype, a mutant deficient in the lipase-encoding gene showed reduced growth abilities at low temperatures compared with the parental strain. The mutant did not change its fatty acid profiles in the same way as the wild type when grown at 12°C instead of 37°C. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a promoter trap strategy for identifying cold-induced genes. It outlines a first picture of the different processes involved in B. cereus cold acclimation.The food-borne disease agent Bacillus cereus is an endospore-forming bacterium belonging to the B. cereus group (B. cereus sensu lato). B. cereus sensu lato has recently been divided into seven major phylogenetic groups (I to VII) with clear-cut differences in growth temperature ranges, suggesting that the genetic structure corresponds to "thermotypes" and showing the emergence of multiple psychrotrophic groups within B. cereus sensu lato (26). Temperature adaptation has thus presumably played a major role in B. cereus evolution. B. cereus is also a human pathogen, causing local and systemic infections. Most outbreaks of food-borne poisoning have been caused by mesophilic strains (26) that can grow at temperatures as low as 10°C. This characteristic enables initially relatively low levels of B. cereus in foods to increase greatly under commonly reported suboptimal refrigeration conditions (20). Understanding the ability of B. cereus to grow at low temperatures will help to control multiplication in refrigerated food and prevent outbreaks of food-borne poisoning.At low temperatures, bacteria undergo various modifications in cellular physiology, with effects such as decreased membrane fluidity and inefficient folding of proteins and secondary structures of RNA and DNA (43). Bacterial responses can be divided into low-temperature responses (or acclimation, also called low-temperature adaptation) and cold shock responses (43). Both types of responses include a vast array of structural and physiological adjustments to cope with the reduction in biochemic...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Identification of Bacillus cereus Genes Specifically Expressed during Growth at Low Temperatures

Brillard

Jéhanno

Dargaignaratz

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…A SW1 prophage deletion mutant was constructed as described previously (29). First, the upstream and downstream fragments flanking both sides of SW1 prophage were amplified with the PCR primer pairs (Table 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Filamentous Phage SW1 in Regulating the Lateral Flagella of Shewanella piezotolerans Strain WP3 at Low Temperatures

Jian

Xiao

Wang

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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b Low-temperature ecosystems represent the largest biosphere on Earth, and yet our understanding of the roles of bacteriophages in these systems is limited. Here, the influence of the cold-active filamentous phage SW1 on the phenotype and gene transcription of its host, Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 (WP3), was investigated by construction of a phage-free strain (WP3⌬SW1), which was compared with the wild-type strain. The expression of 49 genes, including 16 lateral flagellar genes, was found to be significantly influenced by SW1 at 4°C, as demonstrated by comparative whole-genome microarray analysis. WP3⌬SW1 was shown to have a higher production of lateral flagella than WP3 and enhanced swarming motility when cultivated on solid agar plates. Besides, SW1 has a remarkable impact on the expression of a variety of host genes in liquid culture, particularly the genes related to the membrane and to the production of lateral flagella. These results suggest that the deep-sea bacterium WP3 might balance the high-energy demands of phage maintenance and swarming motility at low temperatures. The phage SW1 is shown to have a significant influence on the swarming ability of the host and thus may play an important role in adjusting the fitness of the cells in the deep-sea environment. Due to a growing awareness that viruses, especially phages, are the most abundant biological entities on the planet and that they play an irreplaceable role in all types of ecosystems, research into phage-host interactions has garnered much attention. Cold environments, including glaciers, permafrost, and deep seas, cover a large part of the earth, and viruses are abundant and functional in these environments (1-4). Nevertheless, our understanding of phage-host interactions and of the extent to which phages influence the adaptation and evolution of hosts in lowtemperature environments is still incomplete (4).It is well known that the production and life cycles of temperate phages are under the strict control of the host (5-8). In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that temperate phages could modulate the functions of host cells. In Escherichia coli, phages have been found to influence divergent functions of the lysogenic cell, including replication, transcription, translation, degradation, and proteolysis (9-13). Bacterial viruses can regulate the expression of host genes and decrease the growth rate of E. coli in energy-poor environments, thus increasing the population fitness of E. coli (14). Although they can be cryptic and lose their basic function during evolution, prophages allow bacteria to cope with adverse environments and osmotic, oxidative, and acid stresses, increasing host growth and biofilm formation (15, 16).The filamentous phages are temperate phages whose DNA integrates into the bacterial genome, and they become prophages and replicate with the host (17). In addition, some of the phage DNA can exist in the cytoplasm, such as in a plasmid, and this is called replicative-form (RF) DNA. The release of filamentous vir...

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“…While the effect of growth condition on EPA production by Shewanella sp has been characterized Wang et al 2009), the effect of growth conditions on DHA production by M. marina MP-1 remains relatively unexplored. It has been demonstrated that growth in media rich in fatty acids or supplemented with the antibiotic cerulenin increased the overall DHA titer (Morita et al 2005a;Morita et al 2005b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth condition optimization for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by Moritella marina MP-1

Kautharapu

Rathmacher

Jarboe

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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The marine organism Moritella marina MP-1 produces the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). While the basic metabolic pathway for DHA production in this organism has been identified, the impact of growth conditions on DHA production is largely unknown. This study examines the effect of supplemental carbon, nitrogen and salts, growth temperature and media composition and pH on DHA and biomass production and the fatty acid profile. The addition of supplemental nitrogen significantly increased the overall DHA titer via an increase in biomass production. Supplemental glucose or glycerol increased biomass production, but decreased the amount of DHA per biomass, resulting in no net change in the DHA titer. Acidification of the baseline media pH to 6.0 increased DHA per biomass. Changes in growth temperature or provision of supplemental sodium or magnesium chloride did not increase DHA titer. This organism was also shown to grow on defined minimal media. For both media types, glycerol enabled more DHA production per biomass than glucose. Combination of these growth findings into marine broth supplemented with glycerol, yeast extract, and tryptone at pH 6.0 resulted in a final titer of 82 Â± 5 mg/L, a nearly eightfold increase relative to the titer of 11 Â± 1 mg/L seen in the unsupplemented marine broth. The relative distribution of other fatty acids was relatively robust to growth condition, but the presence of glycerol resulted in a significant increase in myristic acid (C14:0) and decrease in palmitic acid (C16:0). In summary, DHA production by M. marina MP-1 can be increased more than fivefold by changing the growth media. Metabolic engineering of this organism to increase the amount of DHA produced per biomass could result in additional increases in titer. ABSTRACTThe marine organism Moritella marina MP-1 produces the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). While the basic metabolic pathway for DHA production in this organism has been identified, the impact of growth conditions on DHA production is largely unknown. This study examines the effect of supplemental carbon, nitrogen and salts, growth temperature and media composition and pH on DHA and biomass production and the fatty acid profile. The addition of supplemental nitrogen significantly increased the overall DHA titer via an increase in biomass production. Supplemental glucose or glycerol increased biomass production, but decreased the amount of DHA per biomass, resulting in no net change in the DHA titer.Acidification of the baseline media pH to 6.0 increased DHA per biomass. Changes in growth temperature or provision of supplemental sodium or magnesium chloride did not increase DHA titer. This organism was also shown to grow on defined minimal media. For both media types, glycerol enabled more DHA production per biomass than glucose. Combination of these growth findings into marine broth supplemented with glycerol, yeast extract and tryptone at pH 6.0 resulted in a final titer of 82+5 mg/L, a nearly 8-fold increase...

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Role and Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in the Response of Shewanella piezotolerans WP3 to Different Temperatures and Pressures

Cited by 109 publications

References 55 publications

Identification of Bacillus cereus Genes Specifically Expressed during Growth at Low Temperatures

Identification of Bacillus cereus Genes Specifically Expressed during Growth at Low Temperatures

Role of Filamentous Phage SW1 in Regulating the Lateral Flagella of Shewanella piezotolerans Strain WP3 at Low Temperatures

Growth condition optimization for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production by Moritella marina MP-1

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