Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer

Ravichandran, Rakesh; PriyaDharshini, Loganathan Chandramani; Sakthivel, Kunnathur Murugesan; Rasmi, Rajan Radha

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166400

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 280 publications

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“…It is well known that autophagy is a highly conserved homeostasis process that plays a key role in tumor formation, cell survival, cell metabolism, immune response and tumorigenesis ( 107 – 109 ). Recent studies have shown that autophagy is highly associated with the expression level of PD-L1.…”

Section: Pd-1/pd-l1 and Inhibitors In Human Solid Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers

et al. 2022

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Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface of various immune cells. PD-L1, the natural receptor for PD-1, is mainly expressed in tumor cells. Studies have indicated that PD-1 and PD-L1 are closely associated with the progression of human cancers and are promising biomarkers for cancer therapy. Moreover, the interaction of PD-1 and PD-L1 is one of the important mechanism by which human tumors generate immune escape. This article provides a review on the role of PD-L1/PD-1, mechanisms of immune response and resistance, as well as immune-related adverse events in the treatment of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in human cancers. Moreover, we summarized a large number of clinical trials to successfully reveal that PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have manifested promising therapeutic effects, which have been evaluated from different perspectives, including overall survival, objective effective rate and medium progression-free survival. Finally, we pointed out the current problems faced by PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and its future prospects. Although PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have been widely used in the treatment of human cancers, tough challenges still remain. Combination therapy and predictive models based on integrated biomarker determination theory may be the future directions for the application of PD-1/PD-L1 Immune-checkpoint inhibitors in treating human cancers.

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Section: Pd-1/pd-l1 and Inhibitors In Human Solid Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers

et al. 2022

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“…In the context of cancer treatment, autophagy can promote either tumor cell survival or death [12,14]. To determine which effect is applicable to snake venom treatment, we exposed SW480 cells to HCQ.…”

Section: Snake Venom-induced Autophagic Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autophagy and apoptosis occur in cells through various stress Ivyspring International Publisher pathways. Autophagy and apoptosis regulate the conversion of cells in intracellular protein organelles, and many related associations have been reported [11][12][13][14]. Autophagy is abnormally increased or decreased in various diseases, including cancer in which it is ambivalent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adverse effects of autophagy in cancer treatment include helping the cancer cells survive extreme conditions, for example metastatic cancer cells that lack nutrition; radiotherapy; or chemotherapy. However, autophagy continues to occur in cancer cells, which can cause cancer cell death soon after excessive degradation [13,14]. Thus, induction or inhibition of autophagy enables the treatment of several diseases, including cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Snake venom induces an autophagic cell death via activation of the JNK pathway in colorectal cancer cells

Yu¹,

Yeo²,

Lee³

et al. 2022

J. Cancer

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Snake venom contains many proteins that help treat or prevent thrombosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, and many studies have been reported in this regard. It has recently been reported that autophagy exerts anticancer effects by inducing tumor cell death and inhibiting cell growth. In this study, we investigated the effect of snake venom on autophagy. Unlike normal colon cells, LC3-II protein levels and LC3 puncta accumulation are increased in snake venom-treated colorectal cancer cells. Inhibition of autophagy by treating cells with hydroxychloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, prevented snake venom-induced cell death, indicating that snake venom indeed induces autophagic cell death in human colorectal cancer cells. In addition, we demonstrated that activated JNK, and not mTOR signaling, is an upstream effector controlling autophagy. Pretreatment with SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, reversed snake venom-induced autophagy and cell death, indicating that JNK plays a critical role in snake venom-induced autophagy. This study demonstrated that snake venom can function as an anticarcinogenby induction autophagy.

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“…Most preclinical studies collect and process tumor tissues in normoxia rather than physioxia, which contributes to therapy failure in clinic despite promising preclinical results [ 7 ]. Hypoxia contributes to various critical aspects of cancer, including genome instability [ 8 ], autophagy [ 9 ], metabolic reprogramming [ 10 , 11 ], angiogenesis [ 12 ], migration, invasion [ 13 ], extracellular matrix remodeling [ 14 ], epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) [ 15 ], stem cell maintenance [ 16 ], immune evasion [ 17 ] and therapy resistance [ 18 ] (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies

Bai

Jian

et al. 2022

Mol Cancer

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Given that hypoxia is a persistent physiological feature of many different solid tumors and a key driver for cancer malignancy, it is thought to be a major target in cancer treatment recently. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which have a large impact on tumor development and immunotherapy. TAMs massively accumulate within hypoxic tumor regions. TAMs and hypoxia represent a deadly combination because hypoxia has been suggested to induce a pro-tumorigenic macrophage phenotype. Hypoxia not only directly affects macrophage polarization, but it also has an indirect effect by altering the communication between tumor cells and macrophages. For example, hypoxia can influence the expression of chemokines and exosomes, both of which have profound impacts on the recipient cells. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the intricate interaction between cancer cells and TAMs in the hypoxic TME is relevant to poor prognosis and increased tumor malignancy. However, there are no comprehensive literature reviews on the molecular mechanisms underlying the hypoxia-mediated communication between tumor cells and TAMs. Therefore, this review has the aim to collect all recently available data on this topic and provide insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for reducing the effects of hypoxia.

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Role and regulation of autophagy in cancer

Cited by 65 publications

References 280 publications

The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers

The role of PD-1/PD-L1 and application of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in human cancers

Snake venom induces an autophagic cell death via activation of the JNK pathway in colorectal cancer cells

The hypoxia-driven crosstalk between tumor and tumor-associated macrophages: mechanisms and clinical treatment strategies

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