Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease

Chen, Yinwei; Zhou, Jinghua; Wang, Li

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.625913

Cited by 225 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The majority of these taxa have essential physiological functions such as breaking down fibers, stimulating the immune system or preventing pathogen colonization and are also involved in many other processes [ 5 ]. Intestinal dysbiosis, a pathological alteration of GM composition, has been associated with the onset or exacerbation of several chronic disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndromes, neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions [ 6 ]. The composition of GM can be influenced by many factors, including intrinsic (host genetics, hormones) and extrinsic (diet, antibiotics, pollutants, and many others) factors [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties of Parabacteroides distasonis and Impacts of Stress-Induced Molecules on Its Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation Capacities

et al. 2021

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The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic ecosystem whose balance and homeostasis are essential to the host’s well-being and whose composition can be critically affected by various factors, including host stress. Parabacteroides distasonis causes well-known beneficial roles for its host, but is negatively impacted by stress. However, the mechanisms explaining its maintenance in the gut have not yet been explored, in particular its capacities to adhere onto (bio)surfaces, form biofilms and the way its physicochemical surface properties are affected by stressing conditions. In this paper, we reported adhesion and biofilm formation capacities of 14 unrelated strains of P. distasonis using a steam-based washing procedure, and the electrokinetic features of its surface. Results evidenced an important inter-strain variability for all experiments including the response to stress hormones. In fact, stress-induced molecules significantly impact P. distasonis adhesion and biofilm formation capacities in 35% and 23% of assays, respectively. This study not only provides basic data on the adhesion and biofilm formation capacities of P. distasonis to abiotic substrates but also paves the way for further research on how stress-molecules could be implicated in P. distasonis maintenance within the gut microbiota, which is a prerequisite for designing efficient solutions to optimize its survival within gut environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties of Parabacteroides distasonis and Impacts of Stress-Induced Molecules on Its Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation Capacities

et al. 2021

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“…In an RCT study, prebiotic supplementation significantly improved the grip strength in frail elderly people [18]. Diversified and stable gut microbiotas dominated by beneficial bacteria can affect energy metabolism through the metabolites produced, thereby improving body composition [19]. Data from this and previous studies, thus, suggest that sarcopenia is closely related to the diversity of the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Characterization of the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia

et al. 2021

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Purpose Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients are at high risk of sarcopenia. Gut microbiota affects host metabolic and may act in the occurrence of sarcopenia importantly. This study aimed to study the characterization of the gut microbiota in MHD patients with sarcopenia, and to further reveal the complex pathophysiology of sarcopenia in MHD patients. Methods Fecal samples and clinical data were collected from 30 MHD patients with sarcopenia, and 30 age-and-sex-matched MHD patients without sarcopenia in 1 general hospital of Jiangsu Province from December 2020 to March 2021. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to analyze the genetic sequence of the gut microbiota for evaluation of the diversity, species composition, and differential microbiota of the two groups. Results Compared to MHD patients without sarcopenia, the ACE index of patients with sarcopenia was lower (P = 0.014), and there was a structural difference in the β-diversity between the two groups (P = 0.001). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Tyzzerella_4 in the sarcopenia group was significantly higher than in the non-sarcopenia group (P = 0.039), and the relative abundance of Megamonas (P = 0.004), Coprococcus_2 (P = 0.038), and uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae (P = 0.040) decreased significantly. Conclusion The diversity and structure of the gut microbiota of MHD patients with sarcopenia were altered. The occurrence of sarcopenia in MHD patients may be influenced by gut microbiota.

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“…60–70% of the gut microbiota composition remains stable throughout life, but 30–40% can be altered by changes in the diet, viral and bacterial infections and treatment with antibiotics. Disturbances of the gut microbiota can be extremely complex with micro-organisms producing harmful substances including inflammatory cytokines and the bacterial metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, both of which can promote the formation of atherosclerosis [5] , [44] , [45] . Relevant to this current review is the finding that a Mediterranean diet is associated with a small but significant influence on the gut microbiota which in turn is associated with lower risk of cardiovascular diseases – (not specifically coronary heart disease) [46] .…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and food combine to cause atherosclerotic coronary heart disease – Review and hypothesis

Lawson

Glenn

2021

IJC Heart & Vasculature

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Hypothesis It is hypothesised that a combination of childhood and later life infections and excess food consumption, particularly of Western style food, initiates and contributes to atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. To consider this hypothesis we have conducted a brief review of the role of childhood infections, food, and their combined influence on atherosclerosis. Evidence (i) Studies of populations with high prevalence of infections and low “hunter gather” like food consumption, have extremely low prevalence of atherosclerosis, (ii) there are consistent associations between infections in childhood and adult atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, (iii) there is an association between increased body weight, (an indication of excess eating), and atherosclerotic heart disease, and (iv) there is evidence that a combination of increased body weight and infections influences the development of atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. Infections do not appear to act independently to cause atherosclerosis. A combination of both food and infection appears to be required to cause atheroma. Conclusion The hypothesis that infections when combined with excess eating initiates atherosclerosis, is plausible. Action Action aimed at prevention of atherosclerotic heart disease is possible. There are three safe approaches to prevention (i) encouragement of Mediterranean like diets, (ii) avoidance of overeating and (iii) vigorous control of infections among all age groups. There is a need to monitor patients with a history of serious childhood infections and poor nutrition. In addition, for high risk subjects, cholesterol lowering statins are of proven and safe value.

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Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota in Human Disease

Cited by 225 publications

References 129 publications

Surface Properties of Parabacteroides distasonis and Impacts of Stress-Induced Molecules on Its Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation Capacities

Surface Properties of Parabacteroides distasonis and Impacts of Stress-Induced Molecules on Its Surface Adhesion and Biofilm Formation Capacities

Characterization of the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients with sarcopenia

Infection and food combine to cause atherosclerotic coronary heart disease – Review and hypothesis

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