Rodents model for toxicity testing and biomarkers

Gad, Shayne C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404630-6.00002-6

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The heart rate ranges through the experiment were similar to published by others authors that used the same method to collect the SBP data [ 51 ]. From 3 months, CR showed an increase of heart rate compared with WR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Beneficial Effect of Moderate Exercise in Kidney of Rat after Chronic Consumption of Cola Drinks

et al. 2016

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AimThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moderate intensity exercise on kidney in an animal model of high consumption of cola soft drinks.MethodsForty-eight Wistar Kyoto rats (age: 16 weeks; weight: 350–400 g) were assigned to the following groups: WR (water runners) drank water and submitted to aerobic exercise; CR (cola runners) drank cola and submitted to aerobic exercise; WS (water sedentary) and CS (cola sedentary), not exercised groups. The aerobic exercise was performed for 5 days per week throughout the study (24 weeks) and the exercise intensity was gradually increased during the first 8 weeks until it reached 20 meters / minute for 30 minutes. Body weight, lipid profile, glycemia, plasma creatinine levels, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were determined. After 6 months all rats were sacrificed. A kidney histopathological score was obtained using a semiquantitative scale. Glomerular size and glomerulosclerosis were estimated by point-counting. The oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status were explored by immunohistochemistry. A one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test or the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc test was used for statistics. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsAt 6 months, an increased consumption of cola soft drink was shown in CS and CR compared with water consumers (p<0.0001). Chronic cola consumption was associated with increased plasma triglycerides, AIP, heart rate, histopathological score, glomerulosclerosis, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status. On the other hand, moderate exercise prevented these findings. No difference was observed in the body weight, SBP, glycemia, cholesterol and plasma creatinine levels across experimental groups.ConclusionsThis study warns about the consequences of chronic consumption of cola drinks on lipid metabolism, especially regarding renal health. Additionally, these findings emphasize the protective role of exercise training on renal damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Beneficial Effect of Moderate Exercise in Kidney of Rat after Chronic Consumption of Cola Drinks

et al. 2016

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“…Fourty BALB/c mice (4 weeks old, 20 males and 20 females) were used for the toxicity assessment, and 12 male Wistar rats (4 weeks old) were used for analysis of allergenicity [20]. The animals were obtained and purchased from the Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University (Malang, Indonesia).…”

Section: Animals and Housingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Allergenicity and Toxicity Assessment Methods for Evaluating Transgenic Sugarcane Overexpressing Sucrose–Phosphate Synthase

et al. 2019

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Sugarcane is considered as an industrial crop that produces sugar. The number of transgenic sugarcane on the market is currently increasing. Therefore, investigation of the potential allergens and toxics in transgenic sugarcane is necessary, since there is less information regarding food safety for human consumption. Bioinformatics and experimental analysis were used for the validation of the allergenic potential of transgenic sugarcane overexpressing sucrose–phosphate synthase (SPS). Bioinformatics analysis showed that SPS has no homology with any known allergenic proteins. However, eight-residues identical contiguous sequence was detected, and further specific assessment is required to confirm the potential of allergenicity. The results of protein stability evaluation showed that SPS gradually decreased at 28 °C and rapidly inactivated at 60 °C and 90 °C by heat treatment. In addition, total protein was degraded by simulated gastric fluids (SGF), and simulated intestine fluid (SIF) assays for one-minute incubation. The level of specific IgE in the transgenic sugarcane and controls also showed no potential risk of allergy. An acute oral toxicity assay was performed by oral gavage of transgenic sugarcane juice in mice. The LD50 for transgenic sugarcane juice was >25 gr/kg body weight. We propose a development method for allergenicity and toxicity assessment in transgenic sugarcane.

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“…Acute toxicity studies are conducted to test the shortterm adverse effects of a substance in single or multiple of dose (Gad, 2014). Findings from this studies is important, as it can provide the information for the possible acute toxicity in human, to estimate the safe dose before the efficacy study, to determine the appropriate dosage for multiple-dose toxicity, to estimate the time course for the drug-induced clinical observation and to determine the target organ toxicity produced by the drugs (Colerangle, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In determining acute toxicity of a substance or compound, the most commonly used model is the murine model such as rats. This model is small, inexpensive, easy to handle and most importantly, it is a mammal (Gad, 2014). However, a longer time is needed to determine the teratogenic effect of the sample on the mammalian animal model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat

Sajak¹,

Azlan²,

Abas³

et al. 2020

Food Res.

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This study was aimed to provide the reference frame for the safe dose design of polyphenol-rich herbal mixture, which consist of lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey (PRM) for the future efficacy study. Prior to this, the nutritional composition was first conducted and the identification of metabolites that present in PRM was determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The acute toxicity of the PRM was then evaluated in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rats following The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The PRM nutritional composition and sugar profile showed it was high in carbohydrate, ash and protein and the main sugar is fructose. It also contains metabolites such as fructosefuranose, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, acetic acid, cycloalliin, pyruvate, 5- hydroxymethylfurane, α- and β-glucose. From the zebrafish embryo acute toxicity result, the lethal concentration, LC50 of PRM was at 487.50 μg/mL. Meanwhile, in Wistar rats’ model, no lethality was observed in the group treated with PRM at the end of the study (14 days). No changes were also observed from the behavioural and appetite as well as the biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, total protein and creatinine) of the treated group. Therefore, the safe dose for PRM can be up to 2000 mg/kg b.w. in Wistar rats and below 487.50 μg/mL in zebrafish embryo model.

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Rodents model for toxicity testing and biomarkers

Cited by 20 publications

References 100 publications

Beneficial Effect of Moderate Exercise in Kidney of Rat after Chronic Consumption of Cola Drinks

Beneficial Effect of Moderate Exercise in Kidney of Rat after Chronic Consumption of Cola Drinks

Development of Allergenicity and Toxicity Assessment Methods for Evaluating Transgenic Sugarcane Overexpressing Sucrose–Phosphate Synthase

Nutritional composition, phytochemicals and acute toxicity of herbal mixture (lemon, apple cider, garlic, ginger and honey) in zebrafish embryo and Wistar rat

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