Robustness testing in the determination of seven drugs in animal muscle by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

In this work, the robustness of the sample preparation procedure for the determination of six tranquillizers (xylazine, azaperone, propionylpromazine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol and azaperol) and a beta-blocker (carazolol) in animal muscle by LC/MS-MS was assessed through the experimental design methodology. The results of the experimentation were evaluated from different statistical strategies, such as hypothesis testing using an external variance previously estimated, Lenth"s method and Bayesian analysis. Both Lenth"s and Bayes" approaches enabled to determine the effect of every variable even though no degrees of freedom were left to estimate the residual error. The same conclusion about the robustness of the extraction step was reached from the three methodologies, namely, none of the seven factors examined influenced on the method performance significantly, so the sample preparation procedure was considered to be robust.

Abuse of Xylazine by Human and its Emerging Problems: A Review from Forensic Perspective

“…Several validated methods have been reported for the detection of xylazine, mainly in veterinary toxicology, emphasizing veterinary residue monitoring in meat products to ensure consumer safety (90)(91)(92). However, validated methods that can be readily utilized in forensic narcotics and forensic toxicology to combat crimes are less likely to be reported.…”