Robust Video Transmission Using Reversible Watermarking Techniques

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents a novel error-resilient strategy which employs a reversible watermarking technique to protect the H.264/AVC video content. The proposed scheme adopts reversible watermarking to embed an error detection codeword within every Macroblock (MB). The watermark is then extracted at the decoder and used to detect the corrupted MBs to be concealed. The proposed scheme further manages to recover the original video content after watermark extraction, thus providing no loss in video quality. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a substantial gain of up to 2.6 dB in Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) relative to the standard with a minimal increase in complexity.

Resilient video coding using difference expansion and histogram modification

“…The increase in bitrate at the same PSNR is around 6~8%, which is similar to the bitrate increase when using standard error resilience tools such as Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) [13]. Moreover, the method presented in [12] had a similar increase in bitrate, without including the bitrate required to compress the location map.…”

“…Moreover, this is achieved without requireing the transmission of side information, which was one of the major limitations of previous systems [12]. Simulation results indicate that significant gain in performance can be achieved when simulating the proposed system over a BSC channel.…”

“…However, these methods are irreversible, and reduce the quality of the transmitted video even when transmitted over an error-free channel. A reversible watermarking scheme was adopted in [12] to solve these limitations. However, this method needed the transmission of side information to be able to recover the original video quality, which increases the bandwidth required.…”

Reversible video data hiding using neighbouring similarity

“…Several reversible data hiding schemes for image and video have been proposed [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In Facciol et al's [ 12] scheme, an error detection codeword is embedded and detected to check the correctness of the video content and reverse the process by extracting the payload. Lin et al [13] propose reversible H.264/AVC based video data hiding for error resilience.…”

“…After all, reversible authentication is important to validate the originality and to verify the integrity of the media. Several reversible data hiding schemes for image and video have been proposed [12–19]. In Facciol et al .’s [12] scheme, an error detection codeword is embedded and detected to check the correctness of the video content and reverse the process by extracting the payload.…”