Robust-to-Uncertainties Optimal Design of Seismic Metamaterials

A Review of Research on Seismic Metamaterials

“…In 2017, Wagner et al studied the local adaptive resonators composed of chains of mass-in-mass unit cells and conducted robust uncertainty optimization for the chains. [26] Maleki and Khodakaremi studied the effect of a mass-in-mass periodic external isolator framework on reducing seismic amplification on hills subjected to in-plane waves. [27] In 2015, Aravantinos-Zafiris et al considered network topology and a variable cross-section structure.…”

“…In recent years, significant research has introduced the local resonance mechanism in the construction of SMs. [6][7][8]14,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]38,39,41,[47][48][49]55,56,61,62,64] The local resonance bandgap is the result of coupling between the long traveling wave property and the resonance characteristic of the periodic local oscillator in the matrix. The existence of coupling is the key factor to determine whether the bandgap is generated.…”

“…[32] Finocchio et al, Dertimanis et al, Wagner et al, and Maleki and Khodakaremi studied local resonance mass chain system metamaterials with spring-attached oscillators. [24][25][26][27] Kim and Das proposed using a concrete box with a few side holes based on the Helmholtz resonator to attenuate the energy of seismic waves by matching the frequencies of the waves. [21,22] Yan et al, Casablanca et al, La Salandra et al, and Shi and Huang used classical three-component local resonance metamaterials as periodic isolation foundations to attenuate seismic waves in the bandgaps.…”

“…This provided a new idea for the application of phononic crystals in low‐frequency vibration and noise reduction. In recent years, significant research has introduced the local resonance mechanism in the construction of SMs …”

“…However, the composition of the seismic waves is complex and the direction of the incident is uncertain. Although some scholars have conducted 3D structural research considering waves in any given direction, most of the existing studies are based on the 2D simplified model to analyze the propagation of waves . The ignored coupling modes outside the plane may lead to the estimation deviation of band structure.…”