Robust structural stability of flower-like δ-MnO2 as cathode for aqueous zinc ion battery

Emerging two-dimensional nanostructured manganese-based materials for electrochemical energy storage: recent advances, mechanisms, challenges, and prospects

“…7c. 132 133,134 In addition, different Mn-based oxides and all Mn-based oxide materials are compared in Fig. 7d, which suggest that Zn 2+ insertion/extraction and H + / Zn 2+ co-insertion/extraction are the most common reaction mechanisms for ZIBs with Mn-based oxide materials.…”

“…132 A flower-like δ-MnO 2 nanostructure was reported by Wang et al and Liu et al Electrochemical characterization and ex situ XRD tests demonstrated the co-intercalation of H + and Zn 2+ into δ-MnO 2 during the discharge process. 133,134 In addition, different Mn-based oxides and all Mn-based oxide materials are compared in Fig. 7d, which suggest that Zn 2+ insertion/extraction and H + /Zn 2+ co-insertion/extraction are the most common reaction mechanisms for ZIBs with Mn-based oxide materials.…”

A highly stable δ-MnO2 cathode with superior electrochemical performance for rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries

“…The successive consumption of non-renewable energy resources and significant environmental issues advocate the evolution of new energy storage technologies. 1 The merits and de-merits of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have already been previously discussed, and the conclusion is to investigate other battery options owing to the limited availability, high cost, and safety risks of lithium. 2,3 It is well-known that batteries with water-based electrolytes are extremely cost-efficient and inherently safer than LIBs.…”

“…13 In order to avoid the phase transition during Zn 2+ (de) insertion, the layered-type δ-MnO 2 cathode, which is in fact hard to fabricate, was taken into consideration due to its stable capacity, long cycle life, fewer transportation paths for ions and inhibition of phase reorganization. 1,13…”

Advanced Fiber-Shaped Aqueous Zn Ion Battery Integrated with Strain Sensor

“…The high electrochemical performance is benefited from the short ion-transport distance, large specific surface area, and fast reaction kinetics . Miao et al found that the flowerlike δ-MnO 2 allowed the insertion/extraction of abundant Zn ions and maintained the structure upon cycling, consequently showing a high capacity of 322.92 mAh g –1 . Compared to δ-MnO 2 , α-MnO 2 with a 2 × 2 tunnel structure is more favorable in rechargeable batteries as an electrode material.…”