“…Moreover, BC displays unique threedimensional nanofibrous network structure that resembles extracellular matrix (ECM) and high surface area with plenty of hydroxyl groups (Martínez, Brackmann, Enejder, & Gatenholm, 2012). Owning to the special properties and unique structure, BC has drawn much attention in application in biomedical areas (Picheth et al, 2017;Rajwade, Paknikar, & Kumbhar, 2015), for example, as implants for bone or cartilage tissue engineering (Chen, Zhuang, Shao, Hu, & Zhang, 2017;Kirdponpattara, Khamkeaw, Sanchavanakit, Pavasant, & Phisalaphong, 2015), as substitutes for skin repairing (Fu et al, 2012), and as supports for controlled drug delivery (Shi et al, 2012). However, native BC lacks the activity to inhibit bacteria growth on its surface, which limits its applications in biomedical fields.…”