“…Nanoparticles that control the release of MitoQ [183] PDLSC sheets Promoted bone structures and collagen formation LC3 and p62 AuNPs [111] DFCs Increased biomineralization capability LC3A/B, ATG12, and AMPK Autophagy inhibitors [115] GMSCs Accelerated the osteogenic differentiation AMPK-Beclin 1 pathway Resveratrol [184] Note: Abbreviations: AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; ATG, autophagy-related proteins; AuNPs, gold nanoparticles; BIO, 6bromoindirubin-3′-oxime; BNIP3/NIX, BCL2 interacting protein 3/NIP3-like protein X signaling; CDs, carbon nanodots; CDots, carbon dots; DFCs, dental follicle cells; DFO, deferoxamine; FA-modified PCL nanofiber, fluorapatite-modified polycaprolactone nanofiber; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; FUNDC1, FUN14 domain containing 1; GMSCs, gingival mesenchymal stem cells; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; mTOR-C1, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NaF, sodium fluoride; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI3KC3, the class III PI3K; PI3P, phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate.…”