Robust coordinated control for hybrid electric bus with single‐shaft parallel hybrid powertrain

Kang

et al. 2018

Shock and Vibration

In-wheel motored powertrain on electric vehicles has more potential in maneuverability and active safety control. This paper investigates the longitudinal and lateral integrated control through the active front steering and yaw moment control systems considering the saturation characteristics of tire forces. To obtain the vehicle sideslip angle of mass center, the virtual lateral tire force sensors are designed based on the unscented Kalman filtering (UKF). And the sideslip angle is estimated by using the dynamicsbased approaches. Moreover, based on the estimated vehicle state information, an upper level control system by using robust control theory is proposed to specify a desired yaw moment and correction front steering angle to work on the electric vehicles. The robustness of proposed algorithm is also analyzed. The wheel torques are distributed optimally by the wheel torque distribution control algorithm. Numerical simulation is carried out in Matlab/Simulink-Carsim cosimulation environment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed robust control algorithm for lateral stability control of in-wheel motored vehicle.

Section: Robust Controller Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Robust Control Method for Lateral Stability Control of In-Wheel Motored Electric Vehicle Based on Sideslip Angle Observer

Kang

et al. 2018

Shock and Vibration

“…P elec = P mech + P loss (19) where P mech , P elec , P loss are the mechanical power, the electrical power and the power loss, respectively. When P elec > P mech , the MG is used as a motor; when P elec < P mech , the MG operates as a generator.…”

Section: Motor-generator Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, few references propose systematic methods to design shift schedule for HEVs. Existing solutions found in the literature are based on heuristic techniques and engineering experiences, such as using the throttle opening and vehicle speed as reference parameters [18][19][20][21]. Due to the high coupling of the power sources in the power-split HEVs, the characteristics and efficiency of the MGs and battery will result in different results from those of conventional vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Shift Control for a Hybrid Heavy-Duty Vehicle with Power-Split Transmission

Huang

Chen

et al. 2017

Energies

Given that power-split transmission (PST) is considered to be a major powertrain technology for hybrid heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs), the development and application of PST in the HDVs make mode shift control an essential aspect of powertrain system design. This paper presents a shift schedule design and torque control strategy for a hybrid HDV with PST during mode shift, intended to reduce the output torque variation and improve the shift quality (SQ). Firstly, detailed dynamic models of the hybrid HDV are developed to analyze the mode shift characteristics. Then, a gear shift schedule calculation method including a dynamic shift schedule and an economic shift schedule is provided. Based on the dynamic models and the designed shift schedule, a mode shift performance simulator is built using MATLAB/Simulink, and simulations are carried out. Through analysis of the dynamic equations, it is seen that the inertia torques of the motor-generator lead to the occurrence of transition torque. To avoid the unwanted transition torque, we use a mode shift control strategy that coordinates the motor-generator torque to compensate for the transition torque. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the output torque variation during mode shift is effectively reduced by the proposed control strategy, thereby improving the SQ.

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

“…Generally, most researchers treated the vehicle states (e.g. SOC, vehicle speed and power demand at the wheel) of HEV/PHEV without transmission as the entry condition of the SDP [16]- [23]. However, it would introduce an additional state variable, current gear, into the optimize process of the SDP if similar method is adopted for PHEB with AMT [5], [12], [14].…”

Section: Stochastic Dynamic Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application-Oriented Stochastic Energy Management for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus With AMT

Zhang

Yan

Yang

et al. 2016

Self Cite

Taking the complex but regular characteristic of bus routine into account, the stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) might be a more potential method to optimize the energy management for plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB). However, the discrete transmission system and the continuous power system make it a complicated multi-dimensional optimal problem especially for PHEB with automated mechanical transmission (AMT), and the optimal decisions, which obtained based on historical data, might not always well satisfy the driver's expectation to vehicle maneuverability under various driving conditions. To solve these problems, an adaptive approach based on the SDP is proposed in this paper. Exhaustively, the SDP is propelled into the input of the transmission to only optimize the torque-split under the special gearshift logic, which reduces the dimensions of optimization and obtains more applicable optimal sequences. Then, an adaptive factor, which trade-off the vehicle fuel economy and drivability in real time by dynamically adjusting the gearshift points and the torque split, is developed for the variation of the complicated bus driving cycles. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method could well respond the variations of the driving conditions (e.g. road grade and vehicle load etc.). Furthermore, the performance of the proposed method is detailed discussed by comparing with different control strategies. More significantly, the proposed approach has a great potential to apply in actual.Index Terms-Plug-in hybrid electric bus (PHEB), stochastic dynamic programming (SDP), adaptive factor, optimal energy management.W 0018-9545 (c) be obtained from the IEEE by sending a request to pubs-permissions@ieee.org.2 Furthermore, R. Johri et al. proposed a simultaneous optimization of power split and gear shift logic for HEV using SDP [21]. Great contributes have been made for above researches on optimizing the power management to some extent. However, most of them mainly concentrate on the conventional HEVs or PHEVs without transmission and seldom take the bus routine into account. Considering the versatile characteristic of driving conditions, it is a complicated multi-dimensional optimal problem especially for energy management of PHEB with AMT.[21] proposed a good method to simultaneous optimal the power split and gear shift, however, the optimal results, which are mapped as two independent and constant lookup-tables, might not always well respond the variable driving conditions. Due to the strictly inter-corresponding relationship between power split and gearshift, it would break the optimal decisions and highly deteriorate the vehicle fuel economy if any changes happened on the optimal gearshift to obtain the good maneuverability. Moreover, the simultaneous optimization would highly increase the calculate burden, and the complicated optimized results would jeopardize the real-time operation. Therefore it is necessary to decouple the gearshift logic from the whole optimization.This paper proposes an adaptive...