Roadmap to develop a stress test for forest ecosystem services supply

Abstract

Forests play a key role in a bio-based economy by providing renewable materials, mitigating climate change, and accommodating biodiversity. However, forests experience massive increases in stresses in their ecological and socioeconomic environments, threatening forest ecosystem services supply. Alleviating those stresses is hampered by conflicting and disconnected governance arrangements, competing interests and claims, and rapid changes in technology and social demands. Identifying which stresses threaten forest ecosystem services supply and which factors hamper their alleviation requires stakeholders' perceptions. Stakeholder-oriented stress tests for the supply of forest ecosystem services are therefore necessary but are not yet available. This perspective presents a roadmap to develop a stress test tailored to multiple stakeholders' needs and demands across spatial scales. We provide the Cascade and Resilience Rosetta, with accompanying performance-and resilience indicators, as tools to facilitate development of the stress test. The application of the stress test will facilitate the transition toward a bio-based economy in which healthy and diverse forests provide sustainable and resilient ecosystem services. ll

Civil society’s perception of forest ecosystem services. A case study in the Western Alps

“…Several authors highlighted the importance of the role attributed to FES for the environment, society, and economy (Acharya et al, 2019;Bussola et al, 2021;Kramer et al, 2022). In a review conducted by Nummelin et al (2021) on the topics and trends of international forestry scientific research in the period 2000-2019, an increasing interest in such services emerged.…”

Peluang Penggunaan Gel dalam Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan

“…Hutan di Indonesia menghadapi berbagai ancaman, seperti illegal logging, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, perambahan untuk perkotaan dan pertanian, serta eksploitasi sumber daya hayati yang berlebihan setiap tahunnya (Kramer et al 2022). Kebakaran hutan dan lahan menjadi ancaman utama bagi hutan di Indonesia dan juga menjadi penyumbang emisi yang signifikan (Page et al 2002).…”

Forest-based adaptation: transformational adaptation through forests and trees

“…Social and political factors such as the poor enforcement of existing laws, lack of accountability, urban settlement expansion, and the overexploitation of non-wood forest products can also increase forest vulnerability (FAO and CIFOR, 2019). Degraded forests provide fewer ecosystem services, contribute to and exacerbate the effects of climate change and biodiversity loss, are less productive (Kramer et al, 2022), and are more susceptible to major damage by pests and disease and damaging wildfires. Climate change has already expanded some pests' host range and geographical distribution, and may further increase the risk of pest introduction to new areas (FAO and IPPC, 2021) with severe costs to country economies (Eschen et al, 2021).…”