Roadmap on Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices

Xu, Chenxuan; Yang, Guang; Wu, Daxiong; Yao, Meng; Xing, Chunxian; Zhang, Jiahe; Zhang, Haitao; Li, Fang; Feng, Yuezhan; Qi, Shihan; Zhuo, Ming; Ma, Jianmin

doi:10.1002/asia.202001414

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…[16] Owning to unique physicochemical properties (e.g., chemical and thermal stabilities, non-flammability, better solvability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical potential window), ILs have widely contributed to chemistry as well as electrochemistry. [17][18][19] Moreover, ILs can be utilized as leaching agents for the metal recovery from spent batteries. [20,21] Although their leaching efficiency is quite good, they require expensive reducing agents as well as need to operate in specific inert environments.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/aesr202100133mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Approach for Cathode Recycling of Li‐Ion Batteries

Padwal

Pham

Jadhav

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are highvoltage, high-energy, and high-power density energy storage devices with long cycle life, therefore intensively applied in full and hybrid electric vehicles, portable electronic devices (computers, mobile phones, and tablet), and renewable (solar and wind) sector. [1,2] Typically, LIBs for such applications with estimated lifetime of around 3-10 years generate a vast amount of waste at their end-of-life. [3,4] It is estimated that over 11 million tonnes of spent LIBs will be discarded through to 2030, and only less than 5% of them are being recycled. [4] Moreover, due to rapidly increasing demand of LIBs, the price of crucial element resources (Li, Ni, and Co) is also significantly increasing. In contrast, the health and environmental concerns may arise in the event of large, accumulated quantities of cobalt and lithium metals, which typically constitutes up to 20 and 7 wt%, respectively, of LIB cathodes, as well as toxic and flammable electrolytes (e.g., lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF 6 ). [3][4][5] Therefore, efficient recovery of such raw materials in spent LIBs is extremely crucial.At present, LIBs are recycled commercially using well-known processes such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and direct recycling. [4] However, these processes do not extract the maximum value from their feedstock. For instance, pyrometallurgy, or smelting operate at very high temperature (over 1100 C), which eliminates several materials (carbon anode, plastic separator, and electrolyte solvents) through vaporization (electrolyte), combustion, and melting. The final product is a mixed alloy of cobalt, nickel, and copper. The concept of direct recycling is simple: keep the cathode crystal structure intact. The definition of direct recycling is the recovery, regeneration, and reuse of battery components directly without breaking down the chemical structure. It has also been called direct cathode recycling and cathode-to-cathode recycling. By recovering cathode material, several energy-intensive and costly processing steps can be avoided. Not only does recovery of more materials offer potential additional revenues, but also costs and other impacts from waste treatment can be avoided. Advantages include low temperatures and low energy consumption, and the avoidance of most impacts from virgin material production.

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Section: Doi: 101002/aesr202100133mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Approach for Cathode Recycling of Li‐Ion Batteries

Padwal

Pham

Jadhav

et al. 2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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“…Electrolytes play an essential role for SIBs owing to their fundamental difference from LIBs in physical and chemical nature related to Na-ions. Over the past few years, a lot of great research efforts have been made on an electrolyte to find the suitable combination of electrolytes for SIBs [102][103][104][105]. In most of the research, organic carbonate-based electrolytes with sodium salts (such as NaClO 4 , NaPF 6 , etc.)…”

Section: Ionic Liquids (Ils) For Li-ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ionic Liquids for Batteries and Supercapacitors

Ray

Saruhan

2021

Materials

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Nowadays, the rapid development and demand of high-performance, lightweight, low cost, portable/wearable electronic devices in electrical vehicles, aerospace, medical systems, etc., strongly motivates researchers towards advanced electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices and technologies. The electrolyte is also one of the most significant components of EES devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors. In addition to rapid ion transport and the stable electrochemical performance of electrolytes, great efforts are required to overcome safety issues due to flammability, leakage and thermal instability. A lot of research has already been completed on solid polymer electrolytes, but they are still lagging for practical application. Over the past few decades, ionic liquids (ILs) as electrolytes have been of considerable interest in Li-ion batteries and supercapacitor applications and could be an important way to make breakthroughs for the next-generation EES systems. The high ionic conductivity, low melting point (lower than 100 °C), wide electrochemical potential window (up to 5–6 V vs. Li+/Li), good thermal stability, non-flammability, low volatility due to cation–anion combinations and the promising self-healing ability of ILs make them superior as “green” solvents for industrial EES applications. In this short review, we try to provide an overview of the recent research on ILs electrolytes, their advantages and challenges for next-generation Li-ion battery and supercapacitor applications.

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“…Notwithstanding, some challenges still need to be overcome for increased/large-scale application of ILs as electrolytes for SC. Although many exciting works have reviewed the application of IL electrolyte in SC (Zhong et al, 2015;Van Aken et al, 2015;Shahzad et al, 2019;Lian C. et al, 2019), (Pan et al, 2020;Xu et al, 2021;Miao et al, 2021), a specialized review explaining the relation between IL chemistry and performance of ILs as electrolytes in SC has not received much attention. In addition, there is also a lack of clear explanations regarding the design strategies to improve transport properties and electrochemical performance of the IL electrolytes for SC.…”

Section: Eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and Design Insights of Neat Ionic Liquids as Supercapacitor Electrolytes

2021

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Ionic liquids present an opportunity to design efficient electrolytes for supercapacitors, which are among the most extensively studied electrochemical energy storage systems. Ionic liquids are promising candidates for supercapacitor electrolytes because they can eliminate issues associated with aqueous and organic solvent-based electrolytes, such as narrow operating potential windows, safety, and performance. The full potential of ionic liquids as electrolytes in supercapacitors need to be further explored due to promising previous efforts invested in ionic liquid-based electrolyte systems for supercapacitor. This review aims to provide an outlook on neat (pure) ionic liquids applied as supercapacitor electrolytes to isolate the prospects and influences of ionic liquids in supercapacitor electrolyte systems. This work primarily focuses on ionic liquid chemistry links to their performance in supercapacitor electrolytes. Deduced features of importance to supercapacitor performance include the presence of functional groups in the ionic liquids, the ionic liquids physicochemical and electrochemical properties. With the different classes of ionic liquids evaluated, ion size-pore size matching of ionic liquid electrolytes and electrode materials, respectively, affect resulting capacitances and energy densities. Several design strategies to enhance supercapacitor performance by improving ionic liquid transport and electrochemical properties are proposed. The proposed strategies and obtained insights consequently informed further discussions on challenges associated with the commercialization of ionic liquids electrolytes.

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Roadmap on Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Energy Storage Devices

Cited by 43 publications

References 83 publications

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Approach for Cathode Recycling of Li‐Ion Batteries

Deep Eutectic Solvents: Green Approach for Cathode Recycling of Li‐Ion Batteries

Application of Ionic Liquids for Batteries and Supercapacitors

Prospects and Design Insights of Neat Ionic Liquids as Supercapacitor Electrolytes

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