Roadmap for Additive Manufacturing of Haynes® 282® Superalloy by Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) Technology

Otto, Robert M.; Brøtan, Vegard; Carvalho, Patrícia Almeida; Reiersen, Magnus; Graff, Joachim Seland; Sunding, Martin Fleissner; Berg, Olav Åsebø; Diplas, Spyros; Azar, Amin S.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3721832

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Overall, carbides regardless of the PBF process were noted to be mostly MC-type with a few exceptions [117,184,185]. MC-carbides are generally more stable than M 6 C and M 23 C 6 [40,186].…”

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…They observed two types of c 0 precipitates, intracellular ones of * 5 nm and intercellular ones of * 50 nm. Otto et al [117] have shown that c 0 of * 20-30 nm can be observed in L-PBF processed Haynes 282. These authors have, however, pointed out that heating the build plate at 300 °C during L-PBF was a critical factor for mitigating cracks.…”

Section: Matrix Phasementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Second, if processing parameters result in slower cooling rates and/or greater number of thermal fluctuations, then c 0 formation may be possible. Lastly, a sufficiently high build plate temperature has been shown to permit c 0 formation during L-PBF due to the decrease in cooling rate [117]. Discussion on process parameters and their impact on the c 0 size and morphology in L-PBF have been less frequently reported due to the difficulty in obtaining this phase in the first place.…”

Section: Matrix Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, most carbides formed during L-PBF and E-PBF have been reported to be of the MC type. Only a few studies show the formation of other carbides such as M 23 C 6 [117,184,185]. For example, within the Haynes 282 alloys printed via L-PBF, there are conflicting reports on carbide formation.…”

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study reports only the formation of Ti and Mo containing MC-carbides [41]. Another investigation reports the formation of mixed Cr and Mo rich M 23 C 6 carbides in samples printed without a heated build plate, and no carbide formation in samples printed with a heated build plate [117]. One explanation for the difference in carbide formation may be differences in energy density.…”

Section: Other Secondary Precipitates and Tcp Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: a review of the main microstructural constituents and characterization techniques

et al. 2022

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has unlocked unique opportunities for making complex Ni-based superalloy parts with reduced material waste, development costs, and production lead times. Considering the available AM methods, powder bed fusion (PBF) processes, using either laser or electron beams as high energy sources, have the potential to print complex geometries with a high level of microstructural control. PBF is highly suited for the development of next generation components for the defense, aerospace, and automotive industries. A better understanding of the as-built microstructure evolution during PBF of Ni-based superalloys is important to both industry and academia because of its impacts on mechanical, corrosion, and other technological properties, and, because it determines post-processing heat treatment requirements. The primary focus of this review is to outline the individual phase formations and morphologies in Ni-based superalloys, and their correlation to PBF printing parameters. Given the hierarchal nature of the microstructures formed during PBF, detailed descriptions of the evolution of each microstructural constituent are required to enable microstructure control. Ni-based superalloys microstructures commonly include γ, γ′, γ′′, $$\delta$$ δ , TCP, carbides, nitrides, oxides, and borides, dependent on their composition. A thorough characterization of these phases remains challenging due to the multi-scale microstructural hierarchy alongside with experimental challenges related to imaging secondary phases that are often nanoscale and (semi)-coherent. Hence, a detailed discussion of advanced characterization techniques is the second focus of this review, to enable a more complete understanding of the microstructural evolution in Ni-based superalloys printed using PBF. This is with an expressed goal of directing the research community toward the tools necessary for a thorough investigation of the processing-microstructure-property relationships in PBF Ni-based superalloy parts to enable microstructural engineering.

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