Road Traffic Emission Inventory in an Urban Zone of West Africa: Case of Yopougon City (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire)

Abstract

Road traffic emission inventories based on bottom-up methodology, are calculated for each road segment from fuel consumption and traffic volume data obtained during field measurements in Yopougon. High emissions of black carbon (BC) from vehicles are observed at major road intersections, in areas surrounding industrial zones and on highways. Highest emission values from road traffic are observed for carbon monoxide (CO) (14.8 t/d) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (7.9 t/d), usually considered as the major traffic pollution tracers. Furthermore, peak values of CO emissions due to personal cars (PCs) are mainly linked to the old age of the vehicle fleet with high emission factors. The highest emitting type of vehicle for BC on the highway is PC (70.2%), followed by inter-communal taxis (TAs) (13.1%), heavy vehicles (HVs) (9.8%), minibuses (GBs) (6.4%) and intra-communal taxis (WRs) (0.4%). While for organic carbon (OC) emissions on the main roads, PCs represent 46.7%, followed by 20.3% for WRs, 14.9% for TAs, 11.4% for GB and 6.7% for HVs. This work provides new key information on local pollutant emissions and may be useful to guide mitigation strategies such as modernizing the vehicle fleet and reorganizing public transportation, to reduce emissions and improve public health.

Temporal variability and regional influences of PM2.5 in the West African cities of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) and Accra (Ghana)

“…At the MACA site (Fig. 4d), the work of Doumbia et al 34,41 showed that the flow of vehicles on the secondary roads reached its maximum (7000 vehicles per hour) between 7:00–9:00 UTC. This closely corresponds to the PM 2.5 peak observed at 7:00 UTC at this site.…”

“…The vehicles are a major source of air pollution in this area due to the age and the lack of maintenance of these vehicles. 33,34 This site is located at the western edge of the forest of the Banco National Park, which has an area of 3474 ha. 35 This forest with large centennial trees is considered as the main hydraulic reservoir and the green lung of the city of Abidjan.…”

Analysis of the National Annual Emission of Pollutants from Road Transport in Poland in the Years 1990–2020

“…The pollution emission inventories are now a widely used tool in environmental protection [1][2][3][4], which has been supported by sanctioned procedures enabling the critical assessment of the impact of civilization-related activities on the environment. Pollutant emissions from road transport play a special role in environmental protection, largely due to the extensive use of road vehicles, especially in the regions with high population densities, i.e., large urban agglomerations.…”