“…There is a growing trend of relying on collections of crowdsourced data in designing and implementing various concepts of smart transportation and smart city [ 42 ]. Data recorded with sensors of wearable devices, such as smartphones, can be used to categorize driving behavior [ 43 , 44 ], detect transportation hazards [ 45 ], and assess road surface characteristics [ 46 , 47 ]. Smartphone accelerometer, gyroscope, and GPS sensors allow for collecting huge yet typically imbalanced datasets that would be used to train machine learning classifiers for the smart technologies.…”